Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FF GI > Stomach Pathology > Flashcards

Stomach Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

____ (Acute/Chronic) gastritis is erosive, whereas ____ (acute/chronic) gastritis is nonerosive.


A

Acute; chronic


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does type A chronic gastritis occur? Where does type B occur?


A

Fundus/body; antrum


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name some causes of acute gastritis.


A

NSAIDs, alcohol, stress, uricemia, burns, brain injury


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A patient with severe burns develops which complication of acute gastritis?


A

Curling ulcer (burned by the Curling iron)


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A man with brain injury acutely develops raw, burning epigastric pain. He should be treated to prevent which complication?


A

Cushing ulcers (remember, always cushion the brain)


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In a patient with type A (fundal) gastritis, the autoantibodies are directed against what?


A

Parietal cells


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Type A (fundal) gastritis is characterized by what two pathologic states?


A

Type A is caused by pernicious Anemia and Achlorhydria (A comes before B—pernicious Anemia is Autoimmune in first part of stomach)


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Type B (antral) gastritis is caused by infection with what organism?


A

Type B is caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori Bacteria in second part of stomach)


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Type ____ gastritis is autoimmune related, whereas type ____ gastritis is caused by infectious diseases (e.g., H. pylori).


A

A; B


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

____ (Acute/Subacute/Chronic) gastritis carries an increased risk of gastric carcinoma.


A

Chronic


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chronic gastritis carries an increased risk of what kind of gastric carcinoma(s)?


A

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A patient on chronic NSAID therapy complains of stomach pain and is found to be anemic. What is the pathophysiology of his condition?


A

NSAIDs reduce prostaglandin E2, causing erosive gastritis (this is erosive gastritis), which causes occult blood loss and mild anemia


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

By what mechanism do severe burns cause acute gastritis?


A

Curling ulcers are caused by a decrease in plasma volume, leading to a sloughing of gastric mucosa


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can brain injury cause acute gastritis?


A

Cushing ulcers are caused by increased vagal stimulation, which increases acetylcholine and, in turn, acid production by parietal cells


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A woman with Graves disease is anemic with a high MCV despite taking iron. She has bad abdominal pain. What part of her stomach is affected?


A

Fundus/body (this is chronic type A gastritis of the stomach, with pernicious anemia, associated with other autoimmunity such as Graves)


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In acute gastritis, there is disruption of what type of barrier?


A

Disruption of mucosal barrier


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of gastritis is an alcoholic most at risk for?


A

Acute gastritis


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis, adherent to his medications, has nausea and abdominal pain. What type of gastritis are you considering?


A

Acute gastritis (the patient is likely taking NSAIDs daily)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the most common histologic subtype of stomach cancer?


A

Adenocarcinoma


20
Q

Where are intestinal stomach cancers most commonly located in the stomach: lesser curvature, greater curvature, fundus, or cardiac region?


A

Lesser curvature


21
Q

A patient with stomach cancer is at risk of metastasis to what organ?


A

The liver (this is the next downstream organ)


22
Q

Name at least three risk factors for stomach cancer.


A

Nitrosamines (from smoked foods), achlorhydria, chronic gastritis, smoking, H. pylori (the intestinal kind) infection


23
Q

What is meant when stomach cancer is termed linitis plastica?


A

Diffuse infiltrative cancer makes the stomach rigid


24
Q

A man has 1 month of fatigue, weight loss, and early satiety. If he has palpable lymph nodes (from metastases), where are they likely found?


A

Left-sided supraventricular nodes (also called Virchow nodes) (metastasis from stomach cancer classically spreads to these nodes)


25
Q

A woman has bilateral ovarian cancer with abundant mucus & signet ring cells. Could this cancer in fact be a metastasis?


A

Yes, as this could represent metastasis from the stomach to both ovaries (Krukenberg tumor)


26
Q

A patient has dark leathery patches on the nape of his neck and in the axillae. It is from malignancy. What might you see on his umbilicus?


A

One may see Sister Mary Joseph nodules (subcutaneous periumbilical metastasis) (this is acanthosis nigricans, suggesting stomach cancer)


27
Q

What is the histologic appearance of the Krukenberg tumor?


A

Metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma often has mucus-filled cells termed signet ring cells


28
Q

What is the Sister Mary Joseph nodule, and where is it located?


A

It is a metastasis of gastric cancer located in the subcutaneous periumbilical area


29
Q

A 65-year-old man has a growing periumbilical mass and abdominal fullness. What umbilical finding might be present on exam?


A

Sister Mary Joseph nodules (palpable and bulging due to metastases of various GI cancers)

30
Q

Does the pain associated with duodenal ulcers increase, decrease, or remain the same with food?


A

Decrease (Duodenal ulcer pain is Decreased with food)


31
Q

This type of gastrointestinal ulcer is more likely to be associated with weight gain.


A

Duodenal ulcer (the pain associated with duodenal ulcers decreases with meals, thereby resulting in weight gain)


32
Q

Patients with duodenal ulcers tend to have hypertrophy of these glands.


A

Brunner glands


33
Q

A man with stomach pain is found on endoscopy to have a lesion with irregular, raised margins. Is this more likely an ulcer or a malignancy?


A

Malignancy (carcinoma)—peptic ulcers have clean margins and a punched-out appearance


34
Q

In a patient with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, what type of ulcer is the patient at risk for?


A

Duodenal ulcer (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is associated with increased gastric secretions, resulting in ulcer formation)


35
Q

An elderly patient who takes high-dose NSAIDs is likely to at increased risk for what type of ulcer?


A

Gastric ulcer


36
Q

What is the pathology of duodenal ulcers?


A

Decrease in mucosal protection or increase in gastric acid secretion


37
Q

Which type of peptic ulcer disease puts the patient at a higher risk of developing a carcinoma?


A

Gastric ulcer


38
Q

Peptic ulcer disease affects what two regions of the gastrointestinal tract?


A

The stomach (gastric ulcers) and the duodenum (duodenal ulcers)


39
Q

A patient has significant weight loss and abdominal pain after eating. Endoscopy shows ulcers. What kind of ulcers are they likely to be?


A

Gastric ulcers, which generally result in increased pain after meals (Gastric ulcer pain is Greater with meals)


40
Q

What etiologic factor is associated with 70% of gastric ulcers?


A

Helicobacter pylori infection


41
Q

A patient on NSAIDs for back pain presents with abdominal pain exacerbated by meals. What is the most likely cause of his abdominal pain?


A

Chronic use of NSAIDs leading to gastric ulcers


42
Q

What is the pathophysiology of gastric ulcers?


A

Decreased mucosal production leading to destruction of tissue by gastric acid due to decreased protection

43
Q

What artery is most likely to hemorrhage with a ruptured gastric ulcer on the lesser curvature of the stomach?


A

Left gastric artery


44
Q

What artery is most likely to hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured duodenal ulcer on the posterior wall of the duodenum?


A

Gastroduodenal artery


45
Q

Ulcer hemorrhages are likely to occur ____ (anteriorly/posteriorly); ulcer perforations are likely to occur ____ (anteriorly/posteriorly).


A

Posteriorly; anteriorly


46
Q

Where do perforations from ulcers typically take place?


A

The duodenum

FF GI (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions