Stomach catch all Flashcards
What Blood abnormality would you expect to find in someone presenting with and acute upper gastrointestinal bleed?
Raised Urea. The bleed acts like a mean raising blood urea.
What vitamin is deficient in alcoholics? and what is used to treat this vitamin deficiency?
- Vitamin B1 → Thiamine
* Pabrinex
on abdo-xray what is Kantors string sign indicative of?
Crohns disease.
If someone presents With coeliac disease, what other diseases should they be screened for?
- Autoimmune thyroid disease
- Dermatitis herpetiformis
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Type 1 diabetes
- First-degree relatives (parents, siblings or children) with coeliac disease
What is the index used to assess the severity of flare up in ulcerative colitis?
Truelove and witt index of severity
What is used to treat Wilsons disease?
Penicillamine
What is used to treat oesophageal varices?
Propranolol
What is primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with?
Ulcerative colitis. 80% of people with PSC have UC
What is the single most important factor that would indicate the need for a liver transplant?
Blood Ph < 7.34
What does a +ve murphys sign indicate?
Cholecystitis
Which antibiotics are associated with Clostridium difficile?
Flucloxacilin + 2nd + 3rd generation cephalosporins
What does C.diff cause?
- `pseudomembranous colitis
- It is an acute inflammatory disease of the colon that in mild cases may appear as minimal inflammation or edema of the colonic mucosa. In more severe cases, the mucosa often is covered with loosely adherent nodular or diffuse exudates.
- It is intimately linked to C.diff
What do you test when you are trying to determin if a patient has wilsons disease?
• Ceruloplasmin levels
What is oesophageal Candidiasis a well known side effect of?
• inhaled steroid therapy
What is xerostomia?
dryness of the mouth
Name 5 chronic causes of diarrhoea?
- IBS
- Crohns
- Ulcerative colitis
- Coeliacs disease
- Colorectal cancer
Name 4 usually acute causes of diarrhoea?
- Gastroenteritis
- diverticulitis
- Antibiotic therapy → C.diff → pseudomembranous colitis
- Bypass secondary to constipation
What do pigment laden macrophages on colonic biopsy indicate?
Melanosis coli → caused by laxative abuse
What is the first line treatment for Amoebiasis?
Metronidazole
What is whipples disease?
- Whipple’s disease is a rare multi-system disorder caused by Tropheryma whippelii infection
- malabsorption: diarrhoea, weight loss
- large-joint arthralgia
- lymphadenopathy
- skin: hyperpigmentation and photosensitivity
- pleurisy, pericarditis
- neurological symptoms (rare): ophthalmoplegia, dementia, seizures, ataxia, myoclonus
What is the investigation for whipples disease?
- Jejunal biopsy shows deposition of macrophages containing Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) granules.
- treat with co-trimoxazole
What is proctalgia fugax?
Proctalgia fugax (a variant of levator ani syndrome) is a severe, episodic, rectal and sacrococcygeal pain. It can be caused by cramp of the levator ani muscle, particularly in the pubococcygeus.
What is porphyria?
- Porphyria’s are the defects of enzymes needed at various steps of heme synthesis and result in distinct clinical syndromes that invariably result in accumulation and increased excretion of porphyrins and their precursors.
- Symptoms are dependent on the porphyria.
- emaples of acute porphyria include: Doss porphyria, Acute intermittent porphyria, Hereditary coproporphyria, Variegate porphyria.