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Gastro > Stomach And Bowel > Flashcards

Stomach And Bowel Flashcards

1
Q

Where do most gastric ulcers develop?

A

Lesser curvature of the stomach

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2
Q

What is Hamptons line?

A

It’s is the acid resistant mucosa which surrounds the gastric ulcers

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3
Q

What is the characteristic histopathology expression of GIST tumours?

A

C-KIT

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4
Q

What cells do GIST tumours arise from ?

A

Interstitial cells of Cajal - the pacemaker cells that drive peristalsis

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5
Q

What is ectopic pancreatic rest ? where are they usually found?

A

Presence of pancreatic tissue in the submucosal, muscular is or subserosal layers of the luminal GI tract.
Usually found along the greater curvature of the gastric antrum or in the proximal duodenum.

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6
Q

What are the main causes of benign gastric masses?

A

GIST
Lipoma
Ectopic pancreatic rest

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7
Q

What is linitis plastica ?

A

Diffuse submucosal thickening due to infiltrative Adenocarcinoma of the stomach

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8
Q

What is a krukenberg tumour?

A

Metastatic spread of a gastric carcinoma to the ovary - or any mucinous tumour to the ovary

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9
Q

What are the most common primary malignancies that metastasise to the stomach?

A

Breast, Lung, Melanoma

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10
Q

What is the triad associated with Gardners syndrome ?

A

FAP - colonic polpys
Osteomas of the membranous skull. Skull, maxilla, mandible
Soft tissue tumours - desmoid tumours of the mesentary, lipomas, fibromas, keloid scarrings.

Many people have supranumary teeth and dental caries needing early dental work

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11
Q

What is an Amyand hernia

A

An inguinal hernia that contains the appendix

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12
Q

What is a litter hernia

A

A hernia which contains meckles diverticulum

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13
Q

What is the relationship of the inferior epigastric vessels and a direct inguinal hernia

A

In a direct inguinal hernia, the neck of the hernia is medial to the inferior epigastric vessels

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14
Q

Who do obturator wall hernias occur in ?

A

Elderly women due to lax pelvic floor

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15
Q

What is a Forman of Winslow hernia

A

Small bowel contents then go through the former of Winslow into the lesser sac. You can see mesenteary and bowel loops between the IVC and portal vein .

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16
Q

Causes of low attenuation mesenteric lymph nodes

A

TB
Whipples disease
Treated lymphoma
CMLNS - cavitating mesenteric lymph node syndrome secondary to coeliac disease

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17
Q

What is scleroderma ?

A

Collagen deposition within the muscular layers

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18
Q

What bacteria/virus most commonly cause right sided colitis

A

STaY on the right
Salmonella
TB
a
Yersinnea

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19
Q

What infections typically cause pancolitis ?

A

All the C’s
C.diff
CMV
E.Coli

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20
Q

What conditions are patients with UC at increased risk of ?

A

Cholangiocarinoma
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Colon cancer

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21
Q

What are the extra-abdominal manifestations of UC ?

A

PIES
Pyoderma gangrenosum - inflammatory skin disorder
Iritis
Erythema nodosum - painful red dots on legs
Sacroilitis - bilateral and symmetrical

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22
Q

What are the most common immune drugs to cause colitis

A

Ipilimumab and Pembrolizumab

23
Q

What is Typhilitis ?

A

Intramural bacterial invasion without inflammatory reaction in patients with poor immune systems

Necrotising Colitis - seen in the right/terminal ileum
Occurs in neutropenic patients
Imaging features - cecal thickening, fat stranding, ileus , SBO

24
Q

What is sterocoral colitis

A

Focal inflammatory colitis caused by lots of poo in the rectum

25
Q

What are the additional findings in ‘Complicated Diverticulitis’

A

Pericolonic /hepatic abscess
Mesenteric venous thrombosis / septic thrombophlebitis
Colonic Fistula - seen as gas in the bladder
Extraluminal air
Bowel obstruction

26
Q

What is Gardner syndrome?

A

A subtype of FAP, in addition to colonic polyps patients also have :
DOPE Gardner
Desmoid tumours - growth in the Connective tissue
Osteomas - bone growths in the head
Papillary thyroid cancer
Epidermoid cysts

27
Q

What is Turcot Syndrome

A

FAP plus CNS tumours
- gliomas, medulloblastomas
-TURbans go over your head.

28
Q

Which cancers are people with COWDENS syndrome at increased risk of ?

A

thyroid cancer (follicular)
Skin
Oral
Breast
Uterine malignancies

29
Q

What is cronkhite-Canada

A

Non-inherited disorder, consisting of harmatomatous polyps throughout the GI tract, with
Rash, allopecia, watery diarrhoea and weird nails

30
Q

Which ring, when pathological is known as the shatzi-ring?

A

The SHATZ-B-ring, is the muscosal B ring on barium

31
Q

What is the HU of fresh blood ?

A

30-45

32
Q

What is the HU of fresh blood ?

A

30-45

33
Q

What is the HU of clotted blood ?

A

60-100

34
Q

which part of the bowel is usually affeceted in Toxic megacolon ?

A

Transverse colon

35
Q

What is Turcot syndrome ?

A

Autosomal Recessive disease causing polyps in the colon / rectum and brain tumours - usually supratentorial glioblastoma

36
Q

Which organisms commonly affect the right hemicolon in colitis ?

A

Shigella and salmonella

37
Q

What is Whipples disease?

A

Tropheryma whipplei infection of the duodenum and jejunum
Causes thickened irregular folds and sand like nodules on the fluoroscopy
Large retroperioneal lymph nodes - almost fat density

38
Q

What are the causes of increased density of the liver pre contrast ?

A

Haemochromatosis
Iron overload
Glycogen storage disease
Haemosiderosis

39
Q

Which tropical infection causes a cirrhotic liver with hyperechoic septa and a ‘turtle back appearance ?

A

Schistosomiasis

40
Q

Which is the most common malignancy to metastasis to the spleen ?

A

Malignant melanoma

41
Q

What are most gallstones made up of ?

A

Cholesterol

42
Q

What is the most sensitive way to check for splenosis ?

A

Nuclear medicine scan - 99mRBC or 99mTc sulphur colloid studies

43
Q

what is a rare complication of salmonella infection ?

A

acute acalculous choleysystitis

44
Q

what ducts are also at risk of injury during a laparoscopic choleycysteomy ?

A

ducts of lushka

45
Q

what is a klatskin tumour

A

a tumour at the hilar of the billary tree
may have normal CBD

46
Q

What does candidiasis oesophagus look like ?

A

Long linear lines affecting the upper 3rd of the oesophagus

47
Q

What does CMV or HIV oesophagitis look like ?

A

One bit ulcer

48
Q

What does herpes simplex of the oesophagus look like ?

A

Multiple small ulcers with a small halo of oedema

49
Q

Which is the only oesophageal lesion to calcify ?

A

Leiomyoma

50
Q

Which nuclear medicine scan is used to detect carcinoid tumours

A

Octreotide has the highest sensitivity for detecting carcinoid tumours
It is taken up by both the primary lesion and any hepatic metastasis

51
Q

What is the most common cause of pancreatic lipomatosis in children ?

A

Cystic fibrosis

52
Q

What is the only anti mesenteric divericulum of the small bowel?

A

Meckles diverticulum

53
Q

What is Ménétrier disease ?

A

Gastric hypertrophy resulting in low protein, chloride and oedema
Thickened gastric mucosal folds that look like the brain maybe seen
On barium, the excess mucus means that the barium doesn’t over the walls of the stomach well

Gastro (2 decks)

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