Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Equine medicine > Stomach > Flashcards

Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

what is the squamous region of the stomach

A

Margo plicatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the functions of the stomach

A
  1. Temporary store of rapidly ingested feed
  2. initiates’ chemical & enzymatic digestion
  3. liquefaction of food
  4. protection against microorganism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the protective mechanisms of the gastric mucosa

A

Squamous region - designed to be able to tolerate a region of high acidity

Glandular region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the components of the glandular region

A
  1. mucus layer
  2. bicarbonate secretion into mucous
  3. extensive mucosal blood supply
  4. production of endogenous prostaglandins
  5. rapid cellular restitution
  6. protease secreted as zymogens (only activated in acid)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is Equine Gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) and what are the main forms of lesions involved

A

Inflammation, erosion, & ulceration of stomach of horses
lesions:
INFLAMMATION - no break in surface integrity
EROSIONS - superficial layer only disrupted
NECROSIS - lesions penetrates into at leas the submucosa

Pylorus and antrum most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the consequences of primary EGUS

A 
squamous ulceration - 80% of adult cases 
Glandular ulceration  (pylorus and duodenum) - 20% of adult cases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the consequences of secondary EGUS

A

Gastric motility impairment - delayed gastric emptying - pyloric stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cause of squamous ulcers

A

result from excessive exposure to mucosal aggressive agents

  • gastric acid - hydrochloric acid
  • volatile FA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cause of glandular ulcers

A

results from impaired protective mechanism - gastric fluid bathing glandular mucosa consistently pH 1-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the common CS seen with EGUS

A 
Bruxism 
signs of abdominal pain ==>mild, recurrent, around the time of feeding
poor appetite 
poor performance 
weight loss 
rough hair coat 
behavioural changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the CS of EGUS seen in foals

A 
Bruxism 
Signs of abdominal pain 
diarrhoea 
Rough hair coat 
pot belly 
some foals do not exhibit signs till severe or fatal perforation has occurred
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you diagnose EGUS

A

Gastroscopy - only current method of confirmation ( fast for at least 16h +/- withold water
CS - non specific & non reliably accurate
CBC - no reliable markers available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are some of the risk factors of EGUD

A

Diet - intermiited feed deprivation results in progressive squamous ulceration
intermitted vs continuous feeding i.e transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain the pathophysiology behind EGUD

A

VFA ==> produced by CHO metabolism in stomach ==> able to penetrate intact gastric mucosa ==> cause acidification of intracellular fluid - inhibition of ion transport, cell swelling, necrosis, ulceration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

explain how exercise is a risk factor for EGUS

A

Decrease in gastric pH with onset of exercise - remains low throughout exercise
Marked decreased in stomach volume when at gait higher than trot
Increases exposure of squamous mucosa to acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

EGUS treatment

A 
Environmental and dietary management 
mucosal protection 
buffering of excess acid 
acid suppression therapy 
Healing of gastric is highly correlated with gastric pH in humans
17
Q

Explain the mechanism Omeprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor
==> blocks secretion of H+ by irreversibly bidning to H+/K+ ATPase proton pump at parietal cell membrane
Needs to be buffered or enteric coated to work

18
Q

what is a primary cause of gastric impaction

A

Grain engorgement/improper mastication
Indigestible material: straw bedding, poor quality hay
Feeds that swell: wheat, barley, beet pulp

19
Q

what is a secondary cause of gastric impaction

A

any colic of the small of large intestine

  • intestinal ileus
  • Gastric outflow obstruction; foreign body
20
Q

what are the clinical signs of Gastric impaction

A

Acute severe colic
Chronic, mild colic
Can result in gastric rupture - fatal & usually occurs along the greater curvature

Equine medicine (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions