Stoichiometrics

Question 1

4 properties of matter

Answer 1

1) Made up of particles, atoms, molecules (or ions)
2) Particles are constantly in motion
3) Occupies a volume in space
4) Has mass

Question 2

Matter is made up of

Answer 2

Particles, atoms, molecules or ions

Question 3

To obtain a positive charge

Answer 3

must get rid of one or more electrons

Question 4

To obtain a negative charge

Answer 4

must gain one or more electrons.

Question 5

How can the mass of an object change

Answer 5

The gravitational pull can change the…

Question 6

Earth’s gravitational pull

Answer 6

9.8 n/kg

Question 7

Moon’s gravitational pull

Answer 7

sixth of the earth’s gravity

Question 8

3 main states of matter

Answer 8

1) solid
2) liquid
3) gas

Question 9

3 motions of particles

Answer 9

• vibrate
• rotate
• translate

Question 10

what does it mean when particles translate?

Answer 10

What happens to particles when a substance changes states

Question 11

When is plasma formed

Answer 11

Plasma is formed when the atoms in a gas become ionized.

Question 12

Under what conditions are plasma formed?

Answer 12

when it is heated to such a high temperature that the atoms within the gas collide with each other so vigourously that electrons are ripped free. It could also happen when a gas is subject to a strong electromagnetic field

Question 13

Is plasma negatively or positively charged?

Answer 13

Plasma is negatively charged often but in some rare cases the electrons attaches to another atom and the plasma consists of both positively and negatively charged atoms

Question 14

How do the particles move in plasma

Answer 14

The particles within it move randomly and are spread out, similar to gas

Question 15

What property does a substance obtain when it becomes plasma?

Answer 15

Due to the ions and electrons within it, it is able to conduct electricity.

Question 16

What is temperature?

Answer 16

the average kinetic energy of the particles within it

Question 17

Equation to convert celcius to kelvin

Answer 17

Temperature (K) = Temperature (◦C) + 273.15

Question 18

SI Unit for temperature

Answer 18

Kelvin (K)

Question 19

What is absolute zero

Answer 19

The average kinetic energy of particles is zero. Absolute zero is -273.15 ◦C, or a zero on the Kelvin scale.

Question 20

What happens to the temperature of ice as it transitions to steam.

Answer 20

As energy is added to the particles and the gain kinetic energy and begin to speed up, the temperature begins to increase. However, the temperature of the water hits a plateau as it’s transitioning between phases, energy is needed to break the bonds and overcome the attraction between particles.

Question 21

What is melting

Answer 21

transition from solid to liquid

Question 22

What is freezing

Answer 22

transition from liquid to solid

Question 23

What is vaporization

Answer 23

Transition between liquid to gas at a point greater than the boiling point

Question 24

Evaporation

Answer 24

Transition between liquid to gas at a point below the boiling point.

Question 25

Boiling

Answer 25

Bringing a liquid to the point it bubbles and turns to vapour

Question 26

Condensation

Answer 26

Transition from gas to liquid

Question 27

Sublimation

Answer 27

When a solid turns to a gas without going through the liquid phase.

Question 28

Deposition

Answer 28

When a gas turns to a solid without going through the liquid phase.

Question 29

What reactions can attain equilibrium?

Answer 29

Reactions that can go either way can. As long as there is nothing escaping the system (e.g. gas evaporating), it can attain equilibrium.

Question 30

electrostatic forces

Answer 30

when there are negative and positive charges within the substance

Question 31

Define equilibrium

Answer 31

the state at which the rate of the reaction is equal between the forward and reverse reaction

Question 32

3 properties of plasma

Answer 32

* contain ions and electrons which means that it can conduct electricity. * Has variable shape (does vary or change) * Contains neutral atoms as well as ions and electrons, both move around freely.

Question 33

Average kinetic energy of particles at absolute zero

Answer 33

Zero.

Question 34

Define absolute zero

Answer 34

Temperature at which a gas has assumed a volume of zero and the particles have stopped moving.

Question 35

Explain the lack of temperature increase during phase changes.

Answer 35

However, the temperature of the water hits a plateau as it's transitioning between phases, energy is needed to break the bonds and overcome the attraction between particles.

Question 36

Are melting and boiling endo or exothermic processes?

Answer 36

Energy must be transferred to the water from the surroundings to bring these changes of state so they are endothermic.

Question 37

How can you tell if something is a reversible reaction?

Answer 37

IF the reaction can go either way, it is a reversible reaction.

Question 38

Specific heat capacity definition

Answer 38

it is the amount of energy that must be added, in the form of heat, to one unit of mass of the substance in order to cause an increase of one unit in its temperature.

Question 39

Electronegativity definition

Answer 39

means it has the ability to attract electrons towards itself

Question 40

What are the two elements in water

Answer 40

The two elements in it are hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 41

Atom definition

Answer 41

smallest particles of matter that take part in a chemical reactions.

Question 42

Elements definition

Answer 42

any substance that contains only one type of atom

Question 43

Compound definition

Answer 43

elements combine in a fixed ratio to create

Question 44

What are reactions?

Answer 44

bonds breaking and new bonds are formed.