STM and LTM Flashcards
Brown Peterson Task
3 letters presented, then count backwards by threes from a random number
Unable to recall after 18-20 seconds
Miller’s Memory Span
7 +/- 2 items
S = rt (size = rate at which items are pronounced / length of the word) t = 2secs
Conrad’s Acoustic Coding
Visually present list of letters, ask subjects to recall
Errors were based on acoustic confusions (saying G instead of E)
Wickens’ Semantic Coding
Proactive Inhibition: earlier trials interfere with later ones
Fruits, veggies, flowers, meats, professions
Posner’s Visual Coding
Presented with two letters: identical or different case, same name or different name (AA, Aa, AB, Ab)
Prior to 1.5 seconds, only a visual representation is available and different cases are slower to process
Baddeley’s Working Memory Model
Phonological loop
Visuo-spatial scratchpad
Central executive (pulls info from LTM, coordinates activity, and switches attention)
Serial Position Curve
U-shaped, primacy portion at the beginning (LTM) and recency portion (STM) in the end
Implicit Memory
Procedural memory (motor memory, how to complete highly practiced skills)
Repetition priming (when a prime affects a later stimulus, even subconsciously)
Types of Rehearsal
Maintenance: repeating
Elaborative: looking for/making patterns and mnemonics
Craik and Tulving
Depth of processing
Ask questions where the answer is rhyme-based, meaning-based, or case/letters based
Recall was better for deeply processed words, even when amount of time each word was processed was held constant
Transfer Appropriate Processing
Blaxton had participants generate (based on a clue) or read words so it’s conceptually driven or data driven
Better to encode conceptually and recall conceptually than to switch it up
Encoding Specificity
Memory is best when conditions at encoding match conditions at retrieval
Conditions: environment, lighting, smells, other stimuli in a list
Implicit Memory
Procedural memory (motor memory, how to complete highly practiced skills)
Repetition priming (when a prime affects a later stimulus, even subconsciously)
Types of Rehearsal
Maintenance: repeating
Elaborative: looking for/making patterns and mnemonics
