STM Flashcards
What are the three STM effects?
reflexive, mechanical, and psychological
what are the two reflexive effects of STM?
- decreased pain via gate control
2. increased circulation
what are the two mechanical effects of STM?
- superficial (skin)
2. deep (muscle, adhesions, tissue flexibility)
what is the psychological effect of STM?
decreases a pt’s tension and anxiety by providing meaningful touch
what are the 5 contraindications for STM
think acute inflammation, cancer, infection
- vascular issues
- infections including cellulitis
- synovitis
- abscess
- cancer
what is the general procedure for STM? (3)
- effleurage
- petrissage
- effleurage
briefly address general duration of STM
can be 1-2 min or up to 10 min depending of type of petrissage/goals
with regards to swelling, how should you direct your STM?
start proximally and move distally, but always providing pressure in the distal-to-proximal direction
Should STM be painful?
no, STM is generally not painful, but could cause pain due to tenderness and pressure
what effects are produced during effleurage? petrissage?
reflexive and psychological; mechanical
what are the two effects of TFM
- increased motion of soft tissues
2. traumatic increase in blow flow (chronic conditions)
describe TFM
no lube, good contact with skin, and uncomfortable transverse movement
how long for TFM?
1-2 min for acute ligament sprains; chronic longer
how should you educate your patient following STM?
next session no sooner than 48 hours
What is an active TP?
painful spot that refers tenderness upon palpation
what is a latent TP?
no referred pain, but feel weak or limited in the area. wont feel pain until you dig in
what are the three theories behind TP development?
- energy crisis
- motor end plate
- radiculopathic
what is the energy crisis theory
acute or repetitive microtraumas continually shorten the sarcomere causing ischemia and sensitization TP development
what is the motor end plate hypothesis
increased ACh activity at the motor end plate causes spontaneous muscle activity leading to TP development
what is the radiculopathic model
nerve root compression leads to muscle denervation leading to TP development
what are the 4 TPM principles?
- utilize small friction circles unlubed
- the pressure is usually uncomfortable
- go for 1-5 minutes
- can typically cause a numbing effect
name 4 fascial dysfunctions
- frozen shoulder
- plantar fasciopathy
- scleroderma
- chronic LBP
what are the three MFR steps
- skin roll to find the area of adhesion
- distract the area
- move the area against resistance
what are the two goals of IASTM
- reduce scar tissue
2. increase fibroblast activity
why use an instrument for STM?
reduces practitioner fatigue
Based on the 2010, 14, and 16 Kim studies, what does the author recommend for IASTM use? (5)
- 30-60 degree angled instrument
- 40-120s duration
- 1-2 sessions/wk x 4-5wks
- use a lotion
- target the areas that feel gritty
does IASTM provide additional benefit over exercise alone?
no
does IASTM provide any different benefit from TPR?
no
does IASTM provide any improvement in strength or power?
no
describe a session that utilizes IASTM (4)
- warm up
- IASTM
- stretch and strength
- cold for pain
what are the two possible side effects of IASTM
- bruising
2. soreness
what are the absolute contraindications of IASTM (8)
- open wound
- skin infection
- unstable fracture
- hematoma
- uncontrolled HTN
- myositis ossificans
- thrombophlebitis
- anticoagulants
