STIs and PID Flashcards
what organism causes gonorrhoea
neisseria gonorrhoea
what is the gram stain for gonorrhoea
gram negative diplococcus
what are the symptoms for gonorrhoea
discharge, dysuria
females are usually asymptomatic
what is the treatment for gonorrhoea
IM ceftriaxone and oral azithromycin
why is azithromycin given in gonorrhoea
boosts the effects of ceftriaxone
prevents resistance to ceftriaxone
also treats chlamydia which is a common co-infection with gonorrhoea
what organism causes chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis bacterium
what are the symptoms of chlamydia
dysuria, discharge, inter menstrual bleeding, conjunctivas, pharyngeal infection
what is the treatment for chlamydia
doxycycline
what causes herpes
herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2
what are the symptoms of herpes
painful ulceration, dysuria, discharge, fever
what is the treatment for herpes
antivirals (aciclovir)
what causes syphilis
treponema pallidum
what are the stage of symptoms in syphilis
primary stage = painless ulcer
secondary = rash 10 weeks after
latent stage = symptom free
tertiary = 40 years layer - systemic effects e.g aortic regurgitation
what is the treatment for syphilis
antibiotics (penicillin)
what are the symptoms for trichomonas vaginalis
frothy discharge, strawberry cervix, dysuria
what causes anogenital warts
HPV causes the benign lesions
what type of cancer can HPV cause
cervical cancer
what causes bacterial vaginosis
an imbalance of pH in the vagina e.g. from douching
what are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis
fishy discharge
what is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis
metronidazole
what organism causes candidiasis
Canidida albicans
what are the symptoms of candidiasis
ichting, discharge
what is used to treat candidiasis
topical and oral antifungals (azoles)
what do endocervical swabs look for
gonorrhoea and chlamydia
what do high vaginal swabs look for
BV
what are pelvic inflammatory diseases
where infection spread from the endocervix to the uterus, Fallopian tubes and potentially the peritoneal cavity
why can abscesses form in PID
adhesions block off the Fallopian tubes so the inflammatory exudate will build up in the tubes to give an abscess
what are the symptoms of PID
abdominal pain, pyrexia, abnormal discharge, vaginal bleeding
mostly asymptomatic for a while
what are the causes of PID
infection - chlamydia, gonorrhoea, BV
copper coil
what investigations are carried out in suspected PID
urine test pregnancy test endocervical and high vaginal swabs blood tests HIV screening
what are the potential consequences of PID
infertility
ectopic pregnancies
chronic pelvic pain
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
what cause of PID causes Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
chlamydia
what is Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
where the infection spreads into the peritoneal cavity (peritonitis) and go to the liver to cause hepatitis and RUQ pain
what is the treatment for PID
14 day course of ceftriaxone, doxycycline and metronidazole
why is there chronic pelvic pain in PID
adhesion stick the uterus to abdominal wall causing a fixed retroverted uterus
why is there infertility in PID
as adhesion prevent the movement of the egg/sperm
why is there an increased chance of ectopic pregnancies with PID
adhesions and damaged cilia prevent the egg moving through the tube so it implants early into the tube
