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Repro > STIs > Flashcards

STIs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most oncogenic type of HPV?

A

Type 16

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2
Q

What HPV types can cause genital warts?

A

Types 6 and 11

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3
Q

What causes syphillis?

A

Treponema Pallidum - spirochaete

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4
Q

What are the features of primary syphillis?

A

Chancre at site of infection- usually painless

local non-tender lymphadenopathy

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5
Q

What are some features of secondary syphillis?

A
  • Systemic symptoms like fever, lymphadenopathy
  • Typical rash- seen on palms and sole
  • Snail track ulcers
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6
Q

What is the treatment for syphillis, early and late stage?

A

Early- 2.4 MU Benzathine Penicillin stat

Late= 2.4 MU Benzathine Penicillin weekly for 3 weeks

Follow up serologically

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7
Q

What causes genital herpes?

A

HSV1 or HSV2

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8
Q

What herpes virus causes cold sores?

A

HSV1

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9
Q

What is the treatment of genital herpes?

A

Aciclovir 400mg TDS (5/7)

Can also consider topical lidocaine ointment 5% if very painful

Saline bathing and analgesia

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10
Q

How is a diagnosis of herpes made?

A

Swab in virus transport medium of de-roofed blister

PCR test

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11
Q

Viral shedding is more common is HSV2

True or False

A

True

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12
Q

In what kind of herpes virus are recurrent episodes more commonly seen?

A

HSV2

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13
Q

Describe primary infection with HSV?

A

Tends to have more severe symptoms that recurrant episodes

Incubation is 3-6 days

Duration is around 14-21 days

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14
Q

What causes Gonorrhea?

A

Gram negative diplococci- Niesseria Gonorrhoeae

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15
Q

What is the first line treatment for gonorrhea?

A

Ceftriaxone 1G IM

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16
Q

What is the 2nd line treatment of Gonorrhea?

A

Cefixime 400mg oral plus Azithromycin 2G

Only if IM injection in contra-indicated or refused by the patient

17
Q

How is Gonorrhea tested for?

A

NAATs

  • Male- first pass urine sample
  • Rectal and throat swabs
  • Eye swabs
  • Test for both gonorrhea and chlaymidia
18
Q

What is the most commonly seen STI in the UK?

A

Chlamydia

19
Q

What are the 3 serological groups of chlamydia?

A
  • Serovars A-C= occular infection, Trachoma
  • Serovars D-K= Genital infection
  • Serovars L1-L3= Lymphogranuloma Venerum- genital ulcerative disease
20
Q

What is the treatment for Chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline 100mg BD for 1 week

2nd line= Azithromycin 1G stat followed by 500mg daily for 5 days

21
Q

How is chlamydia diagnosed?

A

NAATs- samples are taken from;

  • Males- first pass urine sample
  • Females- VVS, can be taken by patient
  • Rectal and throat swabs
  • Eye swabs
22
Q

What is Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome?

A

A complication of PID.

Causes perihepatitis- a piano string from the liver capsule. Causes RUQ pain.

23
Q

What might vaginal discharge look like in bacterial vaginosis?

A

Thin, white discharge

24
Q

What would clue cells indicate?

A

Bacterial Vaginosis

25
Q

What criteria is used to diagnose Bacterial Vaginoisis?

A

Amsel’s Criteris. 3/4 must be present

  • thin, white, homogenous discharge
  • clue cells on microscopy- stippled vaginal epithelial cells
  • vaginal pH of >4.5
  • positive whiff test- addition of potassium hydroxide results in fishy oddour
26
Q

How is bacterial vaginosis treated?

A

Oral metronidazole for 5-7 days

27
Q

What is bacterial vaginosis?

A

An overgrowth of aneorbic organisms like Gardnerella Vaginalis. Leads to a fall in lactic acid producing aerobic lactobacilli resulting in a raised vaginal pH

28
Q

What would a strawberry cervix support a diagnosis of?

A

Trichomonas Vaginalis

29
Q

Describe the discharge seen in Trichomonas Vaginalis?

A

Offensive. Frothy yellow-green

30
Q

What is Trichomonas Vaginalis?

A

A highly motile, flagellated protozoan parasite. STI.

31
Q

What would investigation show in Trichomonas Vaginalis?

A

Microscopy of a wet mount shows motile trophozoites

32
Q

What is the treatment for trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Oral metronidazole for 5-7 days

33
Q

What are some factors that make Vaginal Candiasis more likely to develop?

A
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Drugs- antibiotics, steriods
  • pregnancy
  • immunosupression- HIV
34
Q

What might this discribe- cottage-cheese, non-offensive discharge?

A

Vaginal Candidiasis

35
Q

How can Vaginal Candidiasis be managed?

A
  • Local- clotrimazole pessary (clotrimazole 500mg PV stat)
  • Oral- Itraconazole 200mg PO bd for 1 day or fluconazole 150mg PO stat
  • If pregnant only local treatment

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