Stimulation 1

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

Any chemical compound containing hydrogen capable of being replaced by positive elements or radicals to form salts. In terms of the dissociation theory, its a compound that on dissociation in solution, yields excess hydrogen ions. Acid lowers pH.

Question 2

Alkalinity

Answer 2

Combines the power of base measured by the maximum number of equivilents of acid with which it can react to form salt. In water Analysis, it represents carbonates, bi corbonates, hydroxides, sometimes borates, silicates and phosphates in the water.

Question 3

Apparent Viscosity

Answer 3

Viscosity a fluid appears to have at stated shear rate. Function of the PV and YP

Question 4

Closure Pressure

Answer 4

Amount of fluid pressure to reopen an existing fracture.

Question 5

HHP Calculation

Answer 5

Pressure x Rate / 40.8

Question 6

Viscosity

Answer 6

Responsible for the frictional drag during motion. Measure of a fluids resistance to flow.

Question 7

Crosslinking

Answer 7

Union of high polymer molecules by a system involving primary chemical bonds.

Question 8

D’Arcy’s law

Answer 8

The rate of flow of a homogeneous fluid through a porous medium is preoperational to the pressure of hydraulic gradient and the the cross-sectional are normal to the direction of flow and inversely proportional to the viscosity of the fluid.

Question 9

Emulsion

Answer 9

liquid mixture of two or more liquids that do not normally dissolve in each other but which are held in suspension by mechanical agitation.

Question 10

Size of the sand screws

Answer 10

12 inch and 14 inch

Question 11

max sand screw discharge rates

Answer 11

12 inch - 100 sk/min

14 inch 130 sk/min

Question 12

What does the hydraulic System power

Answer 12

Sand screws, centrifugal pumps, liquid additive pumps, agitators, lift mechanism for sand screws.

Question 13

Components that make up hydraulic system

Answer 13

Prime Movers (engines)
Oil Coolers - similar to radiator
Tanks
Filters
pumps
Accumulators
Valves
Cylinders
Hydraulic motors

Question 14

Prime mover

Answer 14

Engine that supplies the mechanical energy to drive the hydraulic pumps.

Question 15

Accumulators

Answer 15

Absorb shocks or pressure surges due to the sudden stopping or reversing of oil flow.

Question 16

Significance of the PH

Answer 16

The PH controls variables such as the cross linker function, temperature stability, Iron control problems, polymer hydration, clay control, and gel break.

Question 17

What is a buffer and why is it used

Answer 17

Buffers are mixtures of acids and salts of those acids and are resistant to pH change. By using a buffer, rather than and acid or base, the fluid pH can be maintained even through contaminants from formation water or other sources that would change it.

Question 18

What are some characteristics of clays?

Answer 18

If foreign water contacts clay in the formation, it may swell and decrease the size of flow channels and decrease the flow capacity. Any change in the swelling characteristic may cause the clay to be detached. The fluid should contain a chemical that will not alter the natural water retention characteristic of the clay.

Question 19

An acid or buffering agent protect clays best at pH of>…

Answer 19

3-7

Question 20

How does clay agents work

Answer 20

Cations (Potassium, sodium, clay fix) posses the proper ionic size for absorbsion onto clay platelets and are compatable with most water based fluid systems.