Stimulants of Blood Formation Flashcards
Iron Supplementation IV
iron dextran, iron sucrose
Iron Supplementation PO
ferrous gluconate, iron sucrose
Iron Supplementation AE
Gi disturbances,w/ oral, fatal hypersensitivity, toxicities
Folic Acid Supplementation
increased demand, poor absorption, alcoholism, tx w/ drugs, megaloblastic anemia
given 1 mg/day
need more in pregnant women
Folic Acid Supplementation AE
none
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
stored in the liver, can result from poor diet or poor absorption (pernicious anemia)
deficiency –> megaloblastic anemia, GI symptoms, neuro abnormalities
Vitamin B12
oral for diet
parenteral for pernicious anemia
cyanocobalamin or hydroxocobalamin
No AE
Erythropoietin
stimulates division & differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow
90% from kidney
EPO agents
epoetin alfa and darbepoetin
IV or subQ
darb is long acting (3X)
delayed onset of action
EPO agents AE
hypertension
increased risk of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, venous thromboembolism
especially in pts w/ low hemoglobin
arthralgias
EPO agents black box
increased mortality
serous cardiac events
increased thromboembolic events in surgery patients
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor
pegfligrastim, filgastrim, sargramostim
MOA: stimulate granulocyte production in marrow to increase neutrophil counts
Therapeutic uses: prophylaxis to reduce risk of neutropenia following chemo or bone marrow transplant
G-CSF pharm and AE
IV or subQ
once daily until neutrophil reaches count
AE: bone pain, splenic rupture, flu
Megakaryocyte Growth Factor
oprelvekin
MOA: IL-11 stimulates primitive megakaryocytic progenitors increasing platelet levels
pts w/ thrombocytopenia after chemo
AE: fatigue, headache, dizziness, fluid retention
