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B&B Pharm > Stimulants, Anorexigenics, + Hallucinants > Flashcards

Stimulants, Anorexigenics, + Hallucinants Flashcards

1
Q

Which transporter does cocaine act on and what does it go?

A

DAT - prevents reuptake into the presynaptic cleft of dopamine, serotonin, and NE

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2
Q

What are the two functions of amphetamines?

A

1) compete with dopamine for uptake

2) compete w/ DA for VMAT -> dopamine released non-vesicularly

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3
Q

Which drug mech is the synthetic cathinones most similar to?

A

Amphetamines - Stimulate monoamine neurotransmitter release and inhibit reuptake

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4
Q

What happens if cocaine is administered systemically?

A

Increase in BP, HR, and heart contractility

coronary artery vasoconstriction

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5
Q

How long is the half life for cocaine?

A

1 hr (less if smoked or IV)

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6
Q

What metabolite of cocaine and for how long does it stay in your system after a binge?

A

Benzoylecogonine - 1 week

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7
Q

How does the nucleus accumbens react to the repeated exposure to cocaine and amphetamine-like drugs?

A

Anticipation - sensitization causes an earlier more intense peak (can even happen with saline)

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8
Q

What is the only drug labeled for obesity treatment?

A

Phentermine

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9
Q

What happens in stimulant withdrawal?

A

‘Crash’ period - depression, anxiety, agitation and craving

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10
Q

How long can stimulant craving last and what sets it off?

A

Craving can last for years after abstinence and can be set off by familiar people, places, or stressful situations (PTSD-like)

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11
Q

What happens after the crash period of stimulant withdrawal?

A

Intermediate period - fatigue, loss of energy and affect

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12
Q

What does amphetamines do to heart rate and why?

A

Induces a bradycardial reflex because it is increases blood pressure

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13
Q

How is cocaine metabolized?

A

Ester hydrolysis

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14
Q

How are amphetamines excreted?

A

Renal - unchanged

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15
Q

What is used to treat ADHD?

A

Amphetamines and methylphenidate

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16
Q

What is modafinil used for?

A

1) Narcolepsy
2) Adjunct for OSA
3) Shift work sleep disorder

17
Q

Which patient population should not take modafinil?

A

Cardiovascular problems - MI, unstable angina, LVH

18
Q

Modafinil adverse reactions

A

Headache
Nausea
Hypersensitivity
Drug interactions

19
Q

Caffeine use

A

idiopathic apnea of prematurity

Acute resp depression (not first line)

20
Q

What mech does caffeine have at high concentrations?

A

Inhibits phosphodiesterase

21
Q

Does caffeine have substance dependence?

A

No

22
Q

Effects of nicotine

A 
Arousal 
Relaxation
Attention
Reaction time
Enhances mood
23
Q

Peripheral effects of nicotine

A

Increases BP
Increase HR
Vasoconstriction
Increases cardiac output

24
Q

What type of learned behavior is precipitated in nicotine replacement therapy?

A

Positive reinforcement to curtail tobacco use

25
Q

What are the three major groups of hallucinogens?

A

1) 5HT-2A partial agonists
2) Muscarinic antagonists
3) Glutamate antagonists

26
Q

In which cells are 5HT-2A receptors found mostly?

A

Cortical pyramidal cells (prefrontal cortex)

27
Q

Which drugs bind at the 5HT-2A receptor?

A

LSD and MDMA

28
Q

What are some side effects of 5HT-2A partial agonists?

A

Flashbacks (~4%) and bad trips (anxiety, depression and paranoia)

29
Q

What receptor does PCP act on? What else acts here?

A

It is an NMDA antagonist. Ketamine also acts here

30
Q

Peripheral effects of LSD and other hallucinogens?

A

Mydriasis
Increased BP
Increased HR

31
Q

What happens to serotonergic neurons exposed to MDMA?

A

Degeneration

32
Q

Adverse effects of PCP

A 
Paranoia
Hostility (combative behavior)
Increased BP, HR, sweating
High risk of addiction
Numb and loss of pain sensation
33
Q

What population is the synthetic cannabinoid used in?

A

Dronabinol is used to help anorexia in AIDs patients

Nausea in chemotherapy patients

34
Q

What receptors does THC act on and how?

A

Agonist at CB1 and CB2 at the presynaptic axon

35
Q

How does CB1 work?

A

Gi/o coupled G protein inhibits adenylyl cyclase

36
Q

What causes the large volume of THC distribution?

A

HIgh lipid solubility

37
Q

What toxicities are caused by whippets?

A 
Bone marrow suppressoin
Chemical pneumonitis, coughing, and wheezing
renal tubular acidosis
arrhythmias
cerebellar degeneration

B&B Pharm (6 decks)

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