stimulants and respiratory depressants Flashcards
what do barbiturates do
induce and maintain sleep in patients
sedate patients
why has it been replaced with benzodiazepines
- indue tolerance and physical dependance
- severe withdrawal affects
what do barbiturates interact w
GABA(a)
how does barb work
interact with GABA(a) receptors
enhance GABArgenic transmission
give an example of a long acting barb
phenobarbital
give an example of short acting barb
secobarbtial
give an example of an ultra short acting barb
thiopental
what does barb suppress
hypoxic and chemoreceptor response to CO2
how do benzodiazepines work
enhances effect of gamma aminobutyric acid on GABA receptor and this causes CNS depression
explain the process of how benzodiazepines works (receptors and chloride ions)
- receptor empty and chloride ion channel closed
- gaba binds, opening the chloride ion channel and causes polarisation of cell
- when benzodiazepine binds, enhances gabs binding, which means more chloride ions enter the cell
- this makes it difficult to depolarise the cell and therefore reduces NEURAL excitability
what is the common side effect of benzodiazepines
confusion and drowsiness
what antagonist is given to reverse the CNS effects of benzodiazepines
Flumazenil
where does ethanol affect
respiratory centre in medulla oblongata
what treatment do patients receive if they have ethanol toxicity
supportive care
patient is stabilised and a patent airway and respiration is maintained
how is respiratory depression caused
by a reduction of sensitivity of respiratory centre neurons to carbon dioxide
