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Cell Bio > Stiller Test 4 Cell Bio > Flashcards

Stiller Test 4 Cell Bio Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Phospholipids are…

A

amphipatic

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2
Q

The most common phospholipid(s) on the extracellular side of plasma membranes is/are …

A

phosphatidylcholine

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3
Q

The most common phospholipid(s) on the cytosolic side of plasma membranes is/are …

A

both c and d -(phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine)

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4
Q

Which of the following is NOT a type of membrane protein?

A

all of these are membrane proteins - (transporters, anchors, receptors enzymes)

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5
Q

True or false? Channels are transmembrane proteins.

A

t

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6
Q

True or false? Transmembrane proteins are integral proteins.

A

t

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7
Q

Porins are formed by ….

A

B and C - (multi-pass alpha helices, beta barrels)

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8
Q

Exocytosis …

A

moves molecules out of the cell.

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9
Q

Which of the following is MOST LIKELY to cross a membrane by simple diffusion?

A

oxygen gas

co2, n2, steroids, hormones

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10
Q

The following factors will influence the rate of diffusion (from point A to point B) EXCEPT?

A

all of the above are correct - no exceptions!

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11
Q

Active transport involves:

A

all the above

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12
Q

Bacteriorhodopsin ….

A

is energized by sunlight

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13
Q

A large integral protein with a few small sugar side chains is a ….

A

glycoprotein

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14
Q

A small integral protein with a several large sugar side chains is a ….

A

proteoglycan

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15
Q

In a laboratory activity, red-labeled glucose, blue-labeled water, and green-labeled ethanol are added to a solution placed over an artificial, pure phospholipid membrane. Which colors will be observed on the other side of the membrane after 30 minutes?

A

b and c - (blue, green)

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16
Q

Aquaporins are …

A

water channels.

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17
Q

When calculating the osmotic pressure of a glucose solution that must be used instead of KCl, what glucose concentration is the osmotic equivalent of 1 M KCl?

A

2 M glucose

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18
Q

Classes of membrane transport proteins include all of the following EXCEPT:

A

protein translocons.

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19
Q

In which of the following cases is energy NOT needed for transmembrane transport?

A

b and c - (glucose moves into the cell down its concentration gradient via a glucose uniporter, Potassium ions (K+) move out of the cell via potassium leak channels.)

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20
Q

Amino acid entry into cells can occur via uniporters or symporters. If the rate of leucine entry into the cell increases when the pH decreases, this suggests:

A

leucine is being transported by a H+ symporter.

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21
Q

The hypotonic osmotic potential of pond water should cause animal cells to _____________, but frog eggs prevent this by ___________________

A

burst; not expressing aquaporins

22
Q

The major ATP-powered pump responsible for maintaining ion gradients across the plasma membrane of mammalian cells is:

A

the plasma-membrane Na+/K+ ATPase.

23
Q

The resting membrane potential in animal cells depends largely on “leaky” _________channels.

A

K+

24
Q

Transepithelial glucose transport uses a symporter to transport glucose up a concentration gradient by:

A

coupling glucose transport to Na+ movement.

25
Q

The magnitude of the membrane electrical potential is calculated by:

A

the Nernst equation.

26
Q

The movement of dietary glucose and sodium from the intestine into the bloodstream relies on which of the following transport mechanisms?

A

all the above

The movement of dietary glucose and sodium from the intestine into the bloodstream relies on secondary active transport via the sodium-glucose symporter (SGLT).

27
Q

All of the following can energize active transport of H+ EXCEPT….

A

the proton-motive force

28
Q

The plasma-membrane Na+/K+ ATPase is an example for ….

A

antiport

29
Q

Sound perception via stereocilia involves ….

A

mechanically-gated ion channels

30
Q

True or false? Plants use (rather slow) action potentials for long-distance signaling

A

t

31
Q

Action potentials in animals are caused by the flow of _____ into and _____ out of the nerve cell.

A

sodium; potassium

32
Q

According to the Nernst equation: V = 62 log10 (Cout /Cin), what is the approximate membrane potential of an artificial cell containing 150mM potassium in a beaker containing a 15mM KCl solution?

A

-62 mV

33
Q

Imagine you added potassium leak channels to the artificial cell membrane in the question above. What would be the resulting membrane potential?

A

0mV

34
Q

Nerve junctions are called _______________

A

synapses

35
Q

At the neuromuscular junction, the neurotransmitter _____________ excites the postsynaptic cell by opening ______ channels.

A

acetylcholine; Na+

36
Q

The neurotransmitter _____________ inhibits synaptic signaling by opening ______ channels.

A

GABA; Cl-

37
Q

The cool new research approach that introduces and expresses foreign genes for light-gated ion channels in experimental animals is called ______________.

A

optogenetics

38
Q

Which of the following is NOT a form of cell signaling?

A

All of these are types of cell signaling

paracrine signaling, autocrine signaling, endocrine signaling, and signaling by direct contact.

39
Q

True or false? The same signal molecule can induce a different response in different target cells.

A

t

40
Q

Which of the following is NOT a steroid hormone?

A

cholesterol

41
Q

True or False? While cell signaling often involves many steps, some membrane receptors can be cleaved and migrate directly to the nucleus where they act as transcription factors.

A

t

42
Q

GPCRs are ________________ that ___________________

A

receptors; activate trimeric G-proteins

43
Q

Activated G-proteins ….

A

All of the above are correct.

44
Q

A small intracellular signaling molecule:

A

cAMP

45
Q

Don’t get confused: _______ is a small intracellular signaling molecule, whereas _______ is not!

A

IP3; PI3-kinase

46
Q

True or false? The concentration of free Ca2+ in the cytosol of an unstimulated cell is extremely low so that any pulse of calcium can trigger a response.

A

t

47
Q

All statements about calmodulin are correct EXCEPT:

A

All of the above are correct.

Ca interacts with it and regulates a whole lot of target proteins

48
Q

True or false? Activated RTK can activate Ras or Akt.

A

t

49
Q

The enzyme that activates MAP kinase (by adding phosphate) is:

A

MAP kinase kinase

50
Q

The cytosolic protein that, when activated, encourages a cell to kill itself is ….

A

Bad

Caspases > Apoptosis

51
Q

Bacteriorhodospin

A

Pigment that absorbs light energy to transport across the membrane (proton pump)

Cell Bio (3 decks)

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