Stiles Chapter 11 Rome Flashcards
Corruption
The decay of people’s values; using threats, taking bribes and ignoring others’ needs/your duties
Romance languages
Latin developed into many different languages - Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian
Pax Romana
Time of Roman peace and prosperity; lasted about 200 years
Byzantine Empire
Another name for the Eastern Roman Empire
Aqueducts
Raised channels used to carry water from mountains into cities
Visigoths
Group of invaders that sacked and destroyed Rome in 410 AD
Marc Anthony
One of Caesar’s assistants that will hunt for his killers; will become part of the 2nd Triumvirate
Pompey and Crassus
2 powerful friends of Caesar; will make an alliance known as the 1st Triumvirate
Octavia
Sister of Octavian and married Marc Anthony
Odoacer
German barbarian that overthrows Emperor Romulus Augustus to end the Western Roman Empire
Constantine
Roman emperor who converts to Christianity and end the persecution of the Christians; reunites the empire in 303 AD
Justinian
Emperor of the Byzantine Empire that made changes to Roman laws - Justinian Code
Brutus and Cassius
2 main conspirators that assassinated Caesar
Diocletian
Emperor that divided the Roman Empire into the East and West in 285 AD; major persecutor of the Christians
Cleopatra
Egyptian ruler that was linked to Caesar and Marc Anthony; ended her life by committing suicide
Caesar
Powerful Roman general, member of the 1st Triumvirate, made himself dictator for life of Rome in 45 BC; assassinated by Roman Senators
Octavian
Caesar’s “adopted” son; will partner with Marc Anthony to find Caesar’s killers; become the 1st Roman Emperor - Augustus Caesar
What officially ended the 1st Triumvirate? Who died? Who has control now?
Crassus dies in battle. Pompey is elected the only Consul of Rome
3 problems facing Rome during the end of the Roman Republic in 70’s and 60” BC
- internal fighting among politicians and military
- riots and murders
- increasing population in the city
Another name for the date that Caesar is killed
Ides of March
What river does Caesar cross to go after Pompey to take control of Rome?
Rubicon River
What does Caesar’ military success make or do for him?
It makes him a key political figure.
What title does Caesar take in 45 BC?
DICTATOR FOR LIFE
List 3 of Caesar’s accomplishments.
- Rule brought stability.
- Rule brought growth.
- Decrease debt or off free bread.
- Replaced corrupt officials.
- Internal improvements.
- Extended citizenship.
- Increased the Senate from 600 to 900.
- Adopted the ancient calendar.
When Octavian becomes sole ruler of Rome, what title does be use?
Princep = 1st Citizen
What causes Marc Anthony’s and Octavian’s relationship to go bad?
Marc Anthony cheated on his wife(Octavia) with Cleopatra; had children and left Rome to go to Egypt; Octavian felt that Marc Anthony betrayed his family
What theme of history is being explained?
Rome lacked raw materials so they had to colonize other lands to get what they needed. Rome also created currency to make trade easier. Romans built roads throughout the empire to link everyone, every city, and everything together.
Economics drive change.
What event marked the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire?
Octavian takes the name Augustus and becomes the 1st emperor of Rome.
What were 2 reasons why the Pax Romana was a time of peace and prosperity?
- Stable government
- No major wars or rebellions
- Well run army
- Grew wealthy in safe time
What 2 things happened to Rome during the Pax Romana?
- Population grew.
2. Trade and wealth increased
List 3 achievements, claims to fame for Augustus Caesar’s reign as 1st Emperor.
- Rules for 45 years
- Construction projects - new forum, statues, temples
- Aqueducts and roads were new and improved.
- Established a fire and police department.
What were the effects of the Pax Romana on Rome?
The quality of life improved
Pyroclastic Surge
Superheated poison gas that came at the end of Mt. Vesuvius eruption that did the most damage
What would cause the Romans to ban a religion?
If rulers considered it a political problem.
What were the 2 main cities that were buried and destroyed by the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius?
Pompeii and Herculaneum
What were the 2 religions that the Romans began to persecute and ban?
- Judaism
2. Christianity
What is the only active volcano on the mainland Europe?
Mt. Vesuvius
What name is given to the punishment of a group because of its beliefs?
Persecution
What 2 plagues caused millions of deaths throughout the Roman Empire?
- Antontine or Galen
2. Cyprian
What is the new name/location of the capital of the Roman Empire under Constantine?
Constantinople
After the ______ of the Roman Empire, _____ plunges into the _____ Ages. This was a period of time that was marked by frequent _____, limited _____ and the disappearance of _____ _____. This leads Europe into the period of time known as the _____ _____.
fall, Europe, Dark Ages, wars, writing, urban life, Middle Ages
How does the Eastern Roman Empire end?
The Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople in 1453 AD.
Besides diseases, what were 2 of the 3 other internal problems that contributed to the collapse of Rome?
- Invaders
- Emperors deciding to raise taxes
- Corruption
What is the name of the most famous church built during the reign of Emperor Justinian?
Hagia-Sophia
What is another name for the Eastern Empire?
Byzantine Empire
What event marks the end of the Western Roman Empire?
When the German barbarians, led by Odoacer, overthrew the emperor on 9/4/476
What are the 2 main groups of invaders that caused external problems for Rome?
- Goths
2. Huns
