Stiles Chapter 10 2018 Flashcards
Division of the Roman people, common/middle and poor class
Plebians
Division of the Roman people, nobility/wealthy
Patricians
2 most powerful magistrates in Rome; elected each year to run the city and lead the army
Consuls
Roman language
Latin
Series of 3 wars between Rome and Carthage
Punic Wars
Rome’s public meeting place - like the Greek agoras
Forum
Brother to Remus; killed Remus in argument over location of city; became 1st king of Rome
Romulus
Carthage military general of 2nd Punic War
Hannibal
3 main groups that are a part of the early history of Rome
Greek colonists
Etruscans
Latins
3 people that are suppose to have founded Rome
Aenas, Romulus, Remus
List 1 of the 4 contributions of the Etruscans.
Alphabet, numbers, sewers, or huge temples
Who was the last King of Rom
Tarquin the Proud
The most famous dictator of Rome that resigned from office to return to farming
Cincinnatus
When was the republic of Rome created?
509 BC
3 types of governments that ancient Rome had
Kingdom - ruled by kings
Republic - elected officials
Empire - chapter 11 ruled by emperors
Official name given to the government of Rome when it was a republic- 3 part government
Tripartite
Part of the Roman Tripartite government that became more powerful than the other 2
Senate
Part of the government that had a primary job to elect the magistrates
Assembly
Part of the government that was a representative of the poor and held the veto power
Tribunes
Name given to the Roman law
Twelve Tables
Where the Roman Forum was located
Between 2 hills - Palatine and Capitline Hills
Be able to label these mountains, seas, rivers, and cities of Italy.
Alps, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Apennines, Mediterranean, Tiber, Tyrrhenian, Rome
Group of people who attacked Rome and took over the city
Gauls
3 ways that Roman Army was divided
Centuries - 80-100 soldiers
Cohorts - 6 centuries
Legions - 10 cohorts
Benefit of the structure of the Roman Army
Flexible, fight in small groups or in larger ones
2 types of Roman soldiers
Legionaries
Auxiliaries
How does an auxiliary soldier become a Roman citizen?
After 25 years of service
Length of military service for a legionary
25 years
Title of the man who led the centuries
Centurion
Colonia
Military towns of retired soldiers
2 requirements to become a legionary soldier
Over the age of 17
Roman citizen
Roman name for a catapult
Onager
Where did soldiers live?
Barracks
Family who took political and military control of Carthage after the 1st Punic War
Barca
Battle formation/style of fighting used during the Battle of Cannae
Enveloping the enemy
What happens to Carthage during the 3rd Punic War?
City was sacked and burned to the ground
Name of the Carthaginian and Roman ships
Quinquerme
What is Hannibal raised with because of his father Hamilcar?
Hatred of the Romans
List 2 of the 4 peace items that Rome and Carthage agreed to after the 1st Punic War.
Carthage abandons all settlements in Sicily
Carthage pays millions in silver to Rome
Carthage can’t enter into Italian waters
Each agreed to not interfere in each other’s territories
City that was a Phoenician colony in North Africa
Carthage
Punishment used by Carthage for losing commanders
Crucified
Name of the battle that ended the 2nd Punic war and gave Hannibal his 1st loss
Battle of Zama
Hannibal had to cross this to enter Italy
Through France(Gaul) and then over the Alps
Nickname of Consul Publius Cornelius Scipio
Africanus
2 of the 4 peace items that Rome and Carthage agreed to after the 2nd Punic War
Spain and all other Mediterranean islands become Rome’s
Carthage must hand over all warships to Rome
Carthage must pay another huge sum of money to Rome
Carthage must submit to Rome in all military and foreign matters
How did Hannibal die?
Ingested poison - suicide
New strategy during the 2nd Punic War used by the Romans
Fabian tactic - stall tatic to pester and attack Hannibal
2 groups began to fight each other in the Roman Republic
Wealthy and poor
What happened to the Gracchus brothers as a result of their aid to poor Roman citizens?
Killed during the riots
What did Gaius Gracchus want to do for the poor people of Rome?
Sell food cheaply to the poor
Change made by Gaius Marius to help strengthen the army
Allowed the poor to join the Roman army
What happened to Rome after Lucius Cornelius Sulla becomes consul in 88 BC?
Rome entered into a civil war; Sulla vs Marius
What happens in Rome after the Spartacus rebellion ended?
6000 slaves are executed to serve as an example
