Stigma and Cultural Bound Syndromes Flashcards
Describe Ataque de Nervios (attack of nerves)
Example of a cultural syndrome
Seen in Latin communities, especially in women from the Caribbean
Symptoms include intense emotional distress including screaming uncontrollable, attacks of crying, trembling, verbal or physical aggression, fainting or seizure-like episodes and occasionally suicidal gestures
Related to panic attacks, panic disorder, unspecified anxiety disorder
Comment on Maladi Dyab (Devil/Satan illness)
Example of a cultural explanation
Prevalent in Haitian communities
Symptoms include interpersonal envy and malice cause people to harm their enemies by having sorcerers send illnesses such as psychosis, depression, social or academic failure and inability to perform activities of daily living.
The sicknesses have various names based on how they are sent.
Related to almost any disorder in the DSM but particularly delusional disorder
Describe nervios (nerves)
Example of a cultural idiom
Prevalent in Latinx communities
Symptoms are emotional distress, somatic disturbance, inability to function, headaches and “brain aches”, occipital neck tension, irritability, GIT disturbances, sleep difficulties, nervousness, easy tearfulness, inability to concentrate, trembling, tingling sensations, mareos - dizziness and occasional vertigo-like exacerbations
Related to many disorders in the DSM 5 but mainly depressive and anxiety disorders, somatic symptom disorder and SCZ
Comment on Dhat syndrome
South Asia
Young males attribute their various symptoms to semen loss
Cultural explanation of distress for patients who refer to diverse symptoms such as anxiety, fatigue, weakness, weight loss, impotence, other somatic complaints and depressive mood.
Semen is thought in Ayurveda to be one of the seven essential bodily fluids necessary in maintaining balance in the body.
Related to many different diagnoses in the DSM and also medical and urological problems such as erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation.
Comment on Khyal cap (wind attacks)
Example of a cultural syndrome
Cambodians
Panic attack symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, SOB, cold extremities as well as other symptoms of anxiety and autonomic arousal (tinnitus and neck soreness).
Include catastrophic cognitions centered on the concern that Khyal (a windlike substance) may rise in the body and blood and cause a range of serious effects
Most commonly brought on by worrisome thoughts, standing up, specific odors with negative associations, agoraphobic type cues.
Usually meet panic attack criteria.
Describe Kufungisisa
Cultural idiom of distress
This one is actually relevant in South Africa
Means “thinking too much” in Shona
Both an idiom and cultural explanation of distress
Thinking too much is thought to be causative of anxiety, depression and somatic problems (kinda on the money here ngl). This is the explanation type.
As an idiom type it is indicative of interpersonal and social difficulties. Ruminating on worries.
Associated with a range of psychopathology.
Describe Maladi moun
Cultural explanation
Refers to humanly caused illness
Cultural explanation in Haitian communities for diverse medical and psychiatric disorders.
Interpersonal envy and malice cause people to harm their enemies by sending illnesses such as psychosis, depression, social or academic failure and inability to perform daily tasks.
Visible success makes one vulnerable to attack.
Comment on Shenjing Shuairuo
Cultural syndrome
Weakness of the nervous system in Mandarin
Syndrome is composed of three out of five nonhierarchical symptoms clusters
- weakness
- emotions
- excitement
- nervous pain
- sleep
Somatoform diagnosis of exclusion.
Comment on Susto
Cultural explanation of illness
Cultural explanation for distress and misfortune prevalent among latinos in the US and mexicans and south americans.
A frightening event causes the soul to leave the body and results in unhappiness and sickness as well as difficulties functioning in key social roles.
Comment on Taijin Kyofusho
Cultural syndrome
Interpersonal fear disorder which is basically social anxiety (kinda). But has the sensitive type and the offensive type.
Japanese.
