STI's Flashcards
Bacterial STI’s
Gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia
Viral STI’s
Herpes II, hepatitis, HIV, HPV
Mycoplasma STI’s
Trichomonas vaginalis
Yeast/fungal STI’s
Candidiasis
Gonorrhea: factors for acquisition, transmission, dx tests, manifestations, treatment, potential complications
Neisseria gonorrhoeae: gram-negative bacteria
Spread by direct physical contact with an infected host, usually during sexual activity (vaginal, oral, anal), but also in neonates from vaginal delivery from infected mother
Dx: swab or urine sample
S/S: men have urethritis and swollen testicles vs. women have diffuse s/s (vaginal discharge, dysuria, frequency of urination)
Tx: Cefixime (cephalosporin), or azithromycin, if allergic to cephalosporin/penicillin
Complications: men (rare) - prostatitis, urethral strictures, sterility
- women: PID, Bartholin’s abscess, ectopic pregnancy, infertility
Syphilis: factors for acquisition, transmission, dx tests, manifestations, treatment, potential complications
Etiology: Treponema pallidum bacteria
Enters the body through small breaks in skin or mucus membranes during sex
Spread through contact with infectious lesions and sharing needles
Dx: blood tests or swabbing from an infected sore
S/S: chancres 10-90 days after inoculation that lasts 3-6 weeks –> cutaneous eruptions (bilateral, symmetrical on palms, soles, mouth, tongue, cervix), with fever, alopecia, sore throat, HA, weight loss, fatigue –> CSF exam and specific treponemal antibody test for syphillis –> severe complications
Tx: penicillin G**
Complications: Gummas, aneurysms, aortic valve insufficiency and HF, neurosyphillis, tabes dorsalis, loss of vision
Chlamydia: factors for acquisition, transmission, dx tests, manifestations, treatment, potential complications
Chlamydia trachomatis (gram negative bacteria)
Transmitted during vaginal, anal, oral sex
Dx: c&s swab or urine sample
S/S: men: urethritis, epididymitis, proctitis
- Women: cervicitis, urethritis, bartholinitis
Tx: vibramycin or azithromycin, erythromycin
Complications: PID –> infertility, chronic pelvic pain and ectopic pregnancy
Herpes II: factors for acquisition, transmission, dx tests, manifestations, treatment, potential complications
HSV
Acquired through oral, anal, vaginal sex
Dx: culture from active sore or blister or blood test for HSV 2
S/S: vesicles with or w/o HA or fever, painful urination
Tx: no cure but tx for outbreaks
Complications: pregnant women who pass on to infants during birth can cause infections of CNS of the baby (encephalitis, meningitis) or the baby’s eyes
Describe Ophthalmia Neonatorum etiology, treatment, and potential complications if left untreated
Eye infection of newborns of gonorrhea from vaginal birth from infected mother
Prophylaxic of erythromycin (ophthalmic ointment) or silver nitrate (aqueous solution) into eyes of all newborns
If left untreated, infected infants become permanently blind
HIV: factors for acquisition, transmission, dx tests, manifestations, treatment, potential complications
Trasmitted through contact with infected body fluids: vaginal secretions, semen, pre-semen, breast milk, and blood
Dx: testing 3 months after infection
S/S: constant weight loss and fatigue, night sweats, loss of appetite, constant diarrhea, recurring yeast infections
Tx: no cure, but antiretrovirals
Potential complications: progress to AIDS, opportunistic infections due to immunosuppression
Hepatitis B: factors for acquisition, transmission, dx tests, manifestations, treatment, potential complications
Spread by sex with infected partner, during birth to child, and using blood to blood contact
Dx: blood test
S/S: flu-like symptoms, possible jaundice
Tx: vaccinations for high risk
Complications: liver cirrhosis, cancer, liver failure
HPV (genital warts): factors for acquisition, transmission, dx tests, manifestations, treatment, potential complications
Transmitted by skin-to-skin including sexual contact
Dx: swab? blood test?
S/S: lesions on surfaces of skin and mouth, tongue, throat, tonsils, vagina, penis, cervix, anus
Tx: cryotherapy, electrosx, laser therapy for warts, vaccination
Complications: cervical cancer (types 16 and 18), complications of childbirth, warts in infant throats, etc.
Trichomoniasis: factors for acquisition, transmission, dx tests, manifestations, treatment, potential complications
Trichomonias vaginalis: parasite
spread through sexual contact
Dx:physical exam or lab test
S/S: discharge, itching, pain during urination or intercourse
Tx: Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Complications: PID –> infertility, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic pain
Candida: factors for acquisition, transmission, dx tests, manifestations, treatment
Yeast overgrowth
Caused by imbalance of yeast in body e.g. recent antibiotics
Dx: swab
S/S: itching, pain during urination or intercourse, cottage cheese discharge
Tx: antifungals
