STI class

Question 1

Infection spreads by direct physical contact with an infected host, usually during sex (vaginal, oral or anal). Indirectect transmission by linens or instruments is rare.

Answer 1

Gonorrhoea and Chlamydia

Question 2

Women have minimal to no symptoms: vaginal discharge, bleeding after sex from inflammation (i.e., when wiping)
Men (present 2-7 days of contact): purulent discharge, painful miction, testicular swelling, pain at site, itching
**anorectal: soreness, itching, mucoprulent anal discharge (by anal intercourse)

Answer 2

Gonorrhoea

Question 3

Men: urethritis (dysuria, urethral discharge), epididymitis (unilateral scrotal pain, swelling, tenderness, fever) amd procitits (rectal discharge and pain on defecation)
Women: cervicitis (mucopurulent discharge, hypertrophic ectopy, swelling, bleeding), urethritis (dysuria, frequent urination, pyuria), bartholinitis (purulent exudate), dyspareunia (pain with intercourse), menstrual abnormalities

Answer 3

Chlamydia

Question 4

Enters through breaks in the skin

Answer 4

Syphillis

Question 5

Primary syphillis

Answer 5

(10-90 days after inoculation)
(lasts 3-6 or 8 weeks)

Canker (painless indurated lesion): penis, vulva, lips, mouth, vagina, rectum-occurs 3 to 90 days after inoculation

Regional lymphadenopathy

Genital ulcers

Question 6

Secondary syphilis

Answer 6

(few weeks after canker)

Systemic manifestations; flu like symptoms (e.g., malaise, fever, sore throat, H/A, generalized adenopathy)

Cutaneous lesions bilateral; systemic rash that begins on the trunk and involves the palms and soles; mucous patches in the mouth, tongue, or cervix. Condylomata lata (moist weeping papules) in the anal and genital area.

Diffuse rash, mostly in psalm (brownish, red, macular, non-itchy)

Vague, can mimic other illnesses

Hard to detect

Lesions on member, red spots on thigh

Question 7

latent syphilis

Answer 7

No visible signs or lesions
Asymptomatic

Duration: throughout life or progression to late signs

Question 8

tertiary syphilis

Answer 8

(3-10 or 20 years after initial infection)

Skin is eroded

Gummas can produce irreparable damdge to bone, liver or skin (if untreated). Gummas (chronic destructive lesions affecting any organ of body, especially skin, bone, liber, mucous membranes)

Cardiovascular: aneurysms, aortic valve insufficiency, aortitis

Neuro-syphillis: general paresis (personality changes from minor to extreme [psychosis], tremors, physical and mental deterioration), tabes dorsalis (ataxia, areflexia, paresthesia, lighting pains, damaged joints [Charcot’s joints], speech disturbances)

Non infectious after 4 years, pt not cured or free of bacteria

Duration: chronic, without treatment is fatal

Question 9

Enters through a break in the skin.

Direct contact with skin or mucous membranes or through asymptomatic viral shedding.

Answer 9

Herpes Simplex Virus (Genital Herpes)

Question 10

Minor trauma during intercourse can cause abrasions that allow X to enter the body.
Mother to newborn

Answer 10

Human Papillomavirus Infection (Genital Warts)

Question 11

manifestations Genital Herpes

Answer 11

Systemic (fatigue, fever, malaise, myalgia)
Multiple small, vesiculas around the mouth or reproductive area (inner thigh, penis, scrotum, vulva, perineum, perineal region, vagina, cervix) can be painless.
A new lesion can continue to develop 6 weeks after.
Painful urination, purulent vaginal discharge

Stage 1: mouth tingling, itching and soreness
Stage 2: small, hard, fluid filled blisters
Stage 3: blisters burst and ooze fluid; open sores dry and scab; scabs fall off and cold sore location heals

Question 12

manifestations Genital Warts

Answer 12

Clusters of cauliflower flesh-colored masses; rash on member

Genital warts are discrete single or multiple papillary growths are white to grey and flesh pink.
They may grow and coalesce to form large cauliflower-like masses. Most have between 1 to 10 genital warts.
Men: penis, scrotum, anus, urethra
Women: vulva, vagina, cervix, perineal area
Itching may occur with anogenital warts

Question 13

X is a fragile virus that can only be transmitted under specific conditions that allow for contact with infected body fluids (blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk).

Answer 13

HIV

Question 14

Acute HIV s/s

Answer 14

Muscle aches, chills, mouth ulcers, fever, sore throat, fatigue, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes, skin rashes.

Question 15

early chronic HIV s/s

Answer 15

Asymptomatic until the body detects it and antibodies are produced.
Fatigue, headache, low grade fever, night sweats, lymphadenopathy.

Question 16

intermediate HIV s/s

Answer 16

Worsening initial symptoms and debilitating
Chronic diarrhea
Localized infections
Nervous system manifestations

Question 17

chronic HIV/AIDS s/s

Answer 17

Manifestation of 2 or more opportunistic diseases/infections

Question 18

Transmitted by bite of an infected deer tick; must attach and feed for at least 24 hours before the bacteria can be transmitted.

Answer 18

lyme disease

Question 19

Flu like symptoms: HA, fatigue, fever, chills, sore throat, muscle aches
Other: hearing loss, paralysis of face, hot swollen painful joints, abnormal skin sensation, rash at the site of the tick bite
Heart complications: rapid or slow heart rate, chest pain
Psychological complications: depression, dementia
Most common symptom is localized erythema migrans (EM) (skin lesion that occurs within 3-30 days after exposure). Begins as red-macule or papule, which slowly expands to form a large round lesion up to 30 cm.

Answer 19

lyme disease