STI Flashcards
Diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another with intimate contact with the genitalia, mouth or rectum
Sexually Transmitted Infections
STI’s can’t be transmitted from toilet seats, towel, or bed linens.
TRUE or FALSE?
True - As causative agents for these infections survive only briefly outside or at warm environments.
Hemophilus Vaginitis
Etiologic Agent: Gardnerella vaginalis
Bacterial Vaginosis
Gray vaginal discharge with a “fishy” or “musty” odor
Bacterial Vaginosis
Diagnostic test for Bacterial Vaginosis
NSS Testing or 10% KoH
Topical Management of Bacterial Vaginosis
Metronidazole (Flagyl) - 0.75% vaginal gel
Clindamycin - 2% vaginal cream
Oral Management for Bacterial Vaginosis
Metronidazole - 500 mg BID for 5 days
Clindamycin - 300 mg BID
Also known as yeast infection
Candidiasis
Thrives for glycogen
Candidiasis
Risk factors of Candidiasis
- Pregnancy
- Oral contraceptives
- Antibiotic Therapy
- Immunosuppression
- Diabetes Mellitus
What is the effect to the newborn if candidiasis if still present after childbirth and left untreated?
Oral thrush
Thick and yellow vaginal discharge
- Cream cheese like
Candidiasis
Diagnostic test for Candidiasis
KOH Wet Smear
Checking of vaginal pH
- Normal instead of acidic
Vaginal suppositories and cream management for Candidiasis
- Miconazole (Monistat)
- Clotrimazole (Lotrimin)
both for 7 days
Oral management for Candidiasis
Fluconazole - for 7 days
Diflucan - Single dose
Asymptomatic sexually transmitted infection
Chlamydia
Heavy, grayish-white discharge
Chlamydia
Infants born through an infected birth cana (chlamydia) may acquire which infections?
25.50% exposed infants - conjunctivitis
10-20% exposed infants - pneumonia
Diagnostic test for Chlamydia
Cervical culture during 1st prenatal visit
- if positive repeat at 36 weeks AOG
Medical management of Chlamydia
- Tetracycline and Doxycycline for non-pregnant women
- Amoxicillin or Erythromycine for pregnant women
- Azithromycin for pregnant women with difficulties in drinking oral meds (single dose only)
Highly communicable disease where recent sexual partner should be examined
Gonorrhea
Yellowish vaginal discharge
Gonorrhea
Inflamed and painful bartholin’s glands
Gonorrhea
Diagnostic tests for Gonorrhea
- Urine, vaginal and urethral culture
Fetus may acquire severe eye infection that leads to blindness
- and has increased risk for ophthalmia neonatorum
Gonorrhea
Medical Management for Gonorrhea
- Cefixime: 400 mg PO once daily
- Ceftriaxone: 125-250 mg IM (once)
Mode of transmission of this infection are:
- skin to skin contact (direct contact)
- break in the skin or mucous membrane
Herpes Genitalis
Virus can be contained but has no known cure
Herpes Genitalis
Newborns can acquire this infection through NSD
Herpes
Pinpoint vesicles from the external genitalia
Herpes
Flu-like symptoms
Herpes
Intense pain on contact with clothing or acidic urine
Herpes
Diagnostic Test for Herpes
- Vesicle culture
- ELISE
When is CS birth scheduled for herpes?
if there are presence of active lesions
When is vaginal birth scheduled for herpes?
If there are no present lesions
Should not abstain from sexual contact while lesions are present.
TRUE or FALSE
False
- abstinence from sexual contact for 10 days after lesions have healed
What is acyclovir for herpes?
Acyclovir (Zovirax) is an antiviral that inhibits replication of herpetic virus
What is Foscarnet (Foscavir) for herpes?
It is prescribed for resistant lesions from Zovirax
What is Valacyclovir (Valtrex) for herpes?
Used as a preventive measure to help limit the disease from spreading
Mode of transmission of this infection:
- Intimate sexual contact
- Parenteral exposure to blood, body fluids and blood-containing products
-Perinatal transmission
HIV
Which stage of HIV?
- Mononucleosis-like or influenza-like symptoms
Initial Invasion (Acute infection)
Which stage of HIV?
- Converts from having no HIV antibodies in the blood serum to having HIV antibodies
- Usually happens 6 weeks - 1 year after exposure
Seroconversion
Which stage of HIV?
Weight loss and fatigue (3 - 11 years)
Asymptomatic Period
Which stage of HIV?
- Opportunistic infections occur
- AIDS already
Symptomatic Period
Diagnostic Tests for HIV
ELISA
- 1st screening: within 6 weeks to 3 months
- 2nd screening: within 6 months
Western Blot Analysis (for confirmation)
- + with ELISA Screening
Medical Management for HIV
- Acyclovir
- Antiretroviral Therapy
Most common viral STI in the ambulatory health care setting
HPV
Elevated bumps on vulva (genital warts)
HPV
Diagnostic Test for HPV
- Pap smear
- Histological evaluation biopsy of specimen
Removal of Warts - HPV
Application of podophyllin (Podofin) for small lesions
Laser therapy, cryocautery, knife excision for large lesions
Medical management for HPV
- Administer vaccine (GARDASIL) for teenage girls in. 3 doses
Frothy white or grayish-green vaginal discharge with foul odor
Trichomoniasis
Reddened uper vagina
Trichomoniasis
Wear cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothes that decrease friction and irritation
HPV
STI that has a great concern on the maternal-fetal population
Syphilis
Cytotrophoblast atrophies and spirochete crosses the placenta
Syphilis
Incubation period of Syphilis
10 - 90 days
Caused due to sudden destruction of spirochetes
Jarisch-Herxcheimer Reaction
Which stage of syphilis?
- Small, hard based chancer or sore (painless ulcer) that disappears after 2 - 4 weeks
Primary Stage
Which stage of syphilis?
- Skin rashes (soles and palm)
- Loss of patches of hair
- Secondary symptoms: Malaise, low grade fever
Secondary Stage
Which stage of syphilis?
- Gamma formation which affect major body organs
Tertiary Stage
Which stage of syphilis?
- Asymptomatic for a few years to several decades
- Positive VDRL test
Latent Stage
When is VDRL screening done?
During the first prenatal visit
When is VDRL repeated?
When close to term (8th month)
Infant will be positive of this infection for at least 3 months despite its treatment during pregnancy
Syphilis
- Enlarged liver and spleen
- Skin lesions
- Rashes
- Pneumonia
- Hepatitis
Congenital Syphilis
Medical Management for Syphilis?
- Benzathine Penicillin G (pregnancy)
- Procaine Penicillin: IM, 750 mg for 10 days
- Erythromycin: 500 mg QID, for 14 days (if allergic to penicillin G)
- Azithromycin: 500 mg Daily for 10 days (if allergic to penicillin G)
