STI

Question 1

Complications of urethritis

Answer 1

acute prostatitis and epididymitis for men

salpingitis, endometritis and abscess for women

Question 2

life cycle of chlamydia

Answer 2

• elementary body attaches to specific host cell receptor
• EB endocytosed and resides in host membrane bound phagosome
• EB becomes large reticulate body
• multiplication of reticulate bodies by binary fission within the host cell and phagosome becomes inclusion
• condensation into EB forms
• lysis and host cell death

Question 3

lab diagnosis of chlamydia

Answer 3

• examining first void urine
  
  • gram stain (swab up the urethra)
• tests include
  
  • enzyme immunoassays
  • cultures

Question 4

what organisms cause cervicitis

Answer 4

C. trachomatis
N. gonorrhoeae
ureaplasma
mycoplasma

Question 5

clinical presentation of cervicitis

Answer 5

vaginal discharge 
bleeding 
itching
irritation
dyspareunia

Question 6

lab diagnosis of cervicitis

Answer 6

history and examination 
lab diagnosis 
- microscopy 
-evaluate for vaginal vaginosis
-rapid antigen tests 
-culture
-pcr
-fluorescent antibody tests

Question 7

vulvovaginitis clinical presentation

Answer 7

vaginal discharge
vulvar itching
irritation
odor

Question 8

diseases of vulvovaginitis

Answer 8

bacterial vaginosis
trichomoniasis
candidiasis

Question 9

bacterial vaginosis organisms

Answer 9

gardnerella vaginalis 
mycoplasma hominis 
ureaplasma spp
anaerobes 
- prevotella 
- porphyromonas 
- peptostreptococcus
- mobiluncus

Question 10

risk factors of bacterial vaginosis

Answer 10

sexual activity at an early age
having numerous sex partners
frequent douching

Question 11

lab diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis

Answer 11

thin consistency discharge
vaginal squamous epithelial cells typically coated with gram variable G. vaginalis
polymorphonuclear leukocytes can also be demonstrated on the normal vaginal wet mount preparation
pH test paper > 4.5
amine or whiff test to determine if pH is higher than 4.5
culture
DNA hybridization for G vaginalis

Question 12

treatment for bacterial vaginosis

Answer 12

oral treatment metronidazole
clindamycin intravaginally

complications include :
preterm labour
low birth weight
miscarriage

Question 13

symptoms of trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 13

itching 
burning 
dysuria 
lower abdominal pain
genital redness
smelly vaginal discharge 
elevated pH

Question 14

laboratory diagnosis of trichomonas

Answer 14

microscopy in wet saline 
culture (diamond medium)
in house PCR
POC rapid antigen test 
oligonucleotide probe test in the office

Question 15

treatment for trichomonas

Answer 15

Metronidazole
tinidazole
treat sexual partner and all asymptomatic patients

Question 16

candidiasis causes

Answer 16

c, albicans
c. parapsilosis
c. glabrata
(yeast infections)

Question 17

symptoms of candidiasis

Answer 17

dysuria

white discharge

Question 18

treatment of candidiasis

Answer 18

Azole antifungal drugs

Question 19

causes of genital ulcer disease

Answer 19

herpes, syphilis, chancroid

Question 20

symptoms of gentital herpes

Answer 20

painful vesicles 
fever
myalgias 
malaise 
dysuria 
inguinal lymphadenopathy 
lesions develop into ulcers containing HSV particles

Question 21

Lab diagnosis of genital herpes

Answer 21

fluid from vesicles
cervical swabs
PCR

Question 22

treatment of genital herpes

Answer 22

no cure
acyclovir 
valacyclovir 
famciclovir
suppressive therapy may reduce recurrence

Question 23

diagnosis of syphilis

Answer 23

treponemal tests
non treponemal tests
Serum antibody tests
Spirochetes

Question 24

treatment of syphilis (primary and secondary)

Answer 24

benzathine
doxycycline
ceftriaxone
azithromycin

Question 25

lab diagnosis of chancroid

Answer 25

culture for h. ducreyi

pcr

Question 26

treatment of chancroid

Answer 26

azithromycin

oral ciprofloxacin

Question 27

lab diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum

Answer 27

exclusion
PCR
immunofluorescence

Question 28

treatment of lymphogranuloma venereum

Answer 28

doxycycline

Question 29

pathogen causing donovanosis

Answer 29

K. granulomatis

Question 30

diagnosis of donovanosis (granuloma inguinale)

Answer 30

giemsa stain

donovan bodies within macrophages , pcr developed

Question 31

treatment of donovanosis

Answer 31

doxycycline