Stewardship & Design Principles Flashcards
historic landscape types
-historic site
-historic designated landscapes
-historic vernacular landscapes
questions for historic landscapes
-is the site listed
-are there conditions attached
-is there federal funding support
document to organize documentation
Sec of the Int’s Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes
steps in documenting
-investigate + document
-evaluate - much based on maintaining and protecting distinctive character; also consider interpretation, accessibility, health + safety, enviro protection, energy efficiency
treatment approach
preservation - when site has retained a high level of integrity
rehabilitation - when no particular period of significance, or when nec to convey historic character
restoration - when argument is to show a particular period of significance
reconstruction - only when little material evidence
rehab rules
use as it was used historically - or with minimal change to dist materials, features, spaces, etc
historic char retained and preserved
a physical record of its time place, and use - do not introduce new elements
changes that have come to have historic significance are retained
preserve distinctive materials, features, finishes, and construction techniques - or examples of craftsmanship
repair rather than replace deteriorated features
gentlest phy + chem processes
protect archeological resources
new additions will not destroy historic materials, spatial relationships, etc - more like an overlay that can be removed
priorities of rehab
requirements for proposed uses
stabilization, repairs, replacement, alterations, additions
accessibility or health/safety issues
repairs to character-defining features
reproduce something entirely missing if it can be done accurately
special consideration
spatial org (preserve relationship of spaces), land use, topo (protect from construction, trace any historic uses that could be reconstructed), vegetation, circulation (can hist routes be preserved + hierarchy maintained?), water features (can new tech improve?), soundness of structures
federal environmental review process
Nat’l Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
purpose of fed enviro review
serves as strong detterent to the most inappropriate and degrading actions
how does NEPA work?
it’s a procedural law, req certain steps for approval
req environ considerations
mandates community input - public disclosure requirements - public notice, report, review period for comments
4 parts of NEPA report
description, incl justification
project alternatives
assessment of existing conditions
eval of potential impacts
docs to satisfy NEPA requirements
either, depending on complexity of project
Environmental Assessment (EA) - 6-12 mo process
Environmental Impact Stmt (EIS) - 1-2 yrs
> in both cases, important to answer where else could it be located? how else could proj needs be met?
components of EA + EIS
doc of affected environments - baseline conditions + context
eval of environ consequences - short- and long-term
direct or indirect impacts
mitigation measures to reduce or offset
conclusion of EA/EIS process
report presented + approved by govt
public review of project (30days for EA + 45 dys for EIS)
comments and compiled + addressed
approval, change of direction, or dropped
if ok, Finding of No Significant Impact prepared
for EIS, Record of Decision
ASLA 1993 sustainability definition
“development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”
sustainable site design
- minimize resource depletion
respect species diversity
maintain habitat quality
preserve nutrient and water cycles
foster human, societal, and ecosystem health
sustainable site footprint
minimize footprint, cluster or raise bulding height
use area already impacted by development
maximize open space
use existing topo + hydro systems
cluster undergroun dutilities
sustainable impervious
reduce size + qty
parking: shared parking, carpooling, proximity to mass transit, smaller stall and lane sizes, more compact spaces, locate under bldgs, use planting islands, shorten spaces, scatter around site to reduce disturbance, make permeable
streets: narrow from 10 to 9’ shared driveways, limit disturbace to 10’ from structure
sustainable habitat preservation
contiguous open-space, wildlife food sources, provide cover + nesting, erosion control
sustainable soil
minimize compaction: use previously compacted areas, use healthy soil areas for planting, minimize footprint of new, avoid construction compaction, restore compacted with tilling, aerating, and amending
protect native soils: stockpile and minimize stockpiling compaction
sustainable earthwork
locate with existing topo,
mimic existing landforms
don’t disturb areas steeper than 1:4
balance cut and fill, import no more than 10% of site soils
sustainable vegetation protection
min disturbance of healthy existing for construction and building
limite movement of construction equipment
limit clearing to 40’ beyond struction, 10’ beyond curbs/walks/paving, and 5’ beyond utility trenches
sustainable plantings
native and adapted to ecoregion
diversity - structural and biological
