Steroids Flashcards
What is the primary mineralocorticoid hormone?
Aldosterone
What is the primary glucocorticoid hormone?
Cortisol
What is the main function of mineralocorticoids?
Regulate electrolyte and fluid balance by controlling sodium (Na⁺) and potassium (K⁺) levels in the kidneys.
What is the main function of glucocorticoids?
Regulate metabolism, immune response, and help the body handle stress.
How do mineralocorticoids affect sodium and potassium levels?
Increase sodium (Na⁺) retention and potassium (K⁺) excretion.
How do glucocorticoids affect blood sugar levels?
Increase blood glucose levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis.
Which organ is the primary target of mineralocorticoids?
kidneys
Which organs are primarily affected by glucocorticoids?
Liver, muscles, and immune system.
Which system regulates mineralocorticoid secretion?
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
Which system regulates glucocorticoid secretion?
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis via ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone).
What is the effect of aldosterone on blood pressure?
Increases blood pressure by promoting sodium and water retention.
How do glucocorticoids affect the immune system?
Suppress immune function and reduce inflammation.
What happens if there is an excess of mineralocorticoids?
Can lead to high blood pressure and low potassium levels (hypokalemia).
What happens if there is an excess of glucocorticoids?
Can cause Cushing’s syndrome, leading to high blood sugar, weight gain, and muscle weakness.
What happens if there is a deficiency of mineralocorticoids?
Can lead to Addison’s disease, causing low blood pressure, dehydration, and high potassium levels.
What happens if there is a deficiency of glucocorticoids?
Can cause Addison’s disease, leading to fatigue, low blood sugar, and weight loss.
What is a key consideration with zolendronic acid?
Zolendronic acid has shown toxicity in animal studies and should be avoided in woman of child-bearing potential.
