Sterilization And Disinfection

Question 1

______________- is the killing or removal of all microorgan-isms, including bacterial spores, which are highly resistant

Answer 1

Sterilization

Question 2

___________ is the killing of many, but not all, micro-organisms

Answer 2

Disinfection

Question 3

The rate of killing is defined by the relationship

Answer 3

N ∝ 1/CT

Question 4

A quantitative measure of variation in chemicals is expressed as the ___________-

Answer 4

phenol coefficient

Question 5

What is phenol coefficient

Answer 5

the ratio of the concen-tration of phenol to the concentration of the agent required to cause the same amount of killing under the standard conditions of the test

Question 6

What chemicals disrupt the cell membrane?

Answer 6

Alcohol
Detergents
Phenol

Question 7

Disinfect skin prior to venipuncture or immunization?

Answer 7

70% ethanol

Question 8

Disinfect floor of operating room?

Answer 8

Benzalkonium chloride (Lysol)

Question 9

Disinfect stethoscope?

Answer 9

Ethanol

Question 10

Ethanol can be used as __________ (disinfection/sterilization)

Answer 10

Disinfectant

Question 11

Disinfect surgeon’s hands prior to surgery?

Answer 11

Chlorhexidine

Question 12

Cleanup of blood spill from a patient with hepatitis B or C (disinfect area)

Answer 12

hypochlorite (bleach,chlorox)

Question 13

Disinfect surgical site prior to surgery

Answer 13

Iodophor

Question 14

Disinfect skin prior to blood culture or inserting vascular catheter

Answer 14

Tincture of iodine followed by 70% ethanol, or iodophor, or chlorhexidine

Question 15

Cleanse wounds

Answer 15

Thimerosal, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide

Question 16

Cleanse burn wounds

Answer 16

silver sulfadiazine

Question 17

Sterilize surgical instruments and heat-sensitive materials (e.g., endoscopes, respiratory therapy equipment)

Answer 17

Ethylene oxide or glutaraldehyde

Question 18

Sterilize non–heat-sensitive materials (e.g., surgical gowns, drapes)

Answer 18

Autoclave

Question 19

Sterilize intravenous solutions

Answer 19

filtration

Question 20

Disinfect air in operating room (when not in use)

Answer 20

Ultraviolet light

Question 21

Preservatives in vaccines

Answer 21

Thimersol

Question 22

_______ and ________ have the greatest antibacterial activity of the heavy metals

Answer 22

Mercury and silver

Question 23

_________ drops are effective in preventing gonococcal neonatal conjunctivitis (ophthalmia neonatorum)

Answer 23

Silver nitrate

Question 24

disinfect contact lenses.

Answer 24

H2O2

Question 25

Weak acids, such as benzoic, propionic, and citric acids, are frequently used as _________- because they are bacteriostatic

Answer 25

food preservatives

Question 26

Crystal violet and Malachite green modify __________

Answer 26

nucleic acids

Question 27

Moist heat sterilization, usually __________, is the most frequently used method of sterilization.

Answer 27

autoclaving

Question 28

Method of autoclave

Answer 28

For this purpose, an autoclave chamber is used in which steam, at a pressure of 15 lb/in2, reaches a temperature of 121°C and is held at that temperature for 15 to 20 minutes. Spores are killed

Question 29

What do we use to test the effectiveness of autoclaving?

Answer 29

Members of the genus Clostridium are used

Question 30

Dry heat sterilization requires ______ temperature for ______ hours

Answer 30

180°C for 2 hours

Question 31

____________ used primarily for glassware

Answer 31

Dry heat sterilization

Question 32

_____________, which is used primarily for milk, con-sists of heating the milk to 62°C for 30 minutes followed by rapid cooling

Answer 32

Pasteurization

Question 33

What is flash pasteurization?

Answer 33

Flash” pasteurization at 72°C for 15 sec-onds is often used.

Question 34

Pasturization kills?

Answer 34

``` M. bovis Salmonella typhi Streptococcus Listeria Brucella Not the spores ```

Question 35

UV radiation can damage the _________, the use of UV irradiation in medi-cine is limited

Answer 35

cornea and skin

Question 36

__________ are used in medicine for sterilization of heat-sensitive items, such as sutures and surgical gloves, and plastic items, such as syringes

Answer 36

X rays

Question 37

Xrays can kill spores? Is it true?

Answer 37

No, they have low water content