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Phar 203 > Sterilization and Disinfection > Flashcards

Sterilization and Disinfection Flashcards

1
Q

What is sterilization

A

Destroys all Microbial Life including spores.

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2
Q

What is disinfection (usually chemical)

A

Destroys pathogens, other microbes/ Spores may survive

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3
Q

When would we use sterilization

A

Processing scalpel blades/ dental equipment to be used in surgery OR anything that requires touching a sterile movement

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4
Q

When would we use disinfection?

A

Cleansing work surfaces with bleach solution or disinfectant wipe after each shift

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5
Q

What is antisepsis

A

Cleansing the skin before giving an injection

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6
Q

What is sanitation

A

Used dishes are washed with detergent and hot water followed by hot water rinse

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7
Q

What is cleaning

A

Washing used instruments with detergent and water before further processing

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8
Q

What is cidal

A

death to all. A couple of examples are germicide, bactericide, and fungicide

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9
Q

What is static

A

stopping microbial growth. Examples include Bacteriostatic and fungistatic

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10
Q

What is a SUD

A

Single use device. Usually syringes

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11
Q

What are three types of sterilization methods

A

Autoclave
Incineration
ethylene oxide (ETO)

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12
Q

What is an Autoclave

A

Sterilization machine. Done under pressure; “moist heat”

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13
Q

What is the temperature and the time needed to sterilize in a autoclave

A

121 degrees C; 15 minutes

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14
Q

What is the loading process of an autoclave

A
  1. Load items onto perforated tray
  2. Load Loosely
  3. Dry goods on edge; lids ajar, jars, tubes»> on sides
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15
Q

What is the testing process for an autoclave

A
  1. spore strips are placed in autoclave (center and bottom)
  2. Place strings in culture medium after autoclaving»> incubate&raquo_space;» check for growth
  3. growth = spores not killed = autoclave not working properly
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16
Q

What happens if an autoclave package gets wet

A

It is no longer sterile

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17
Q

What is Incineration

A

sterilization method which is done offsite where terminal decontamination for biological waste (used needles) happen. We burn at a very high temp

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18
Q

What is Ethylene Oxide

A

Sterilization method that kills all microbes including spores.

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19
Q

When would we use ethylene oxide

A

Heat sensitive items (plastics)

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20
Q

Where would we commonly find Ethylene Oxide

A

Sterile processing dept.

21
Q

Is ethylene safe for human use?

A

It is actually toxic to human tissue

22
Q

What is Spaulding’s classification of items requiring disinfection/ sterilization

A

Critical
semi critical
non critical

23
Q

What does Spaulding classify as critical

A

into sterile area of the body; must be sterile (surgical equipment)

24
Q

What does Spaulding classify as semi- critical

A

into/touching area of body that is not sterile; no pathogen, but doesn’t need to be sterile (tongue depressor into mouth)

25
Q

What does Spaulding classify as non-critical

A

Not into body, but may touch body surface; ok to have microbes, but not if can be inhaled or cause infection (gloves)

26
Q

Resistance of Microbes disinfection least to most resistant

A
  1. Vegetative bacteria (easiest to destroy)
  2. Liquid Viruses ( except hep B)
  3. Fungi
  4. Non-Lipid viruses
  5. Tubercle bacilli
  6. Bacterial spores
27
Q

What are the different levels of disinfectants

A

low
intermediate
high level

28
Q

What can low level disinfectants do

A

Kill vegetative bacteria and lipid viruses

29
Q

What can a intermediate level disinfectant do

A

kill everything except non-lipid virus and spores

30
Q

What can a high level disinfectant do

A

everything

31
Q

What are examples of low level disinfectants

A

Detergents and soap

32
Q

What can detergents and soap do

A

reduce surface tension so liquid can spread into nooks

33
Q

What is a example of a detergent and soap

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds

34
Q

What are advantages of Quaternary ammonium compounds (detergents)

A

economical, kills gram + bacteria

35
Q

What are disadvantages of Quaternary ammonium compounds

A

Rods may grow

36
Q

What are intermediate levels of disinfection/ sterilization

A

Alcohols (ethanol and isopropyl) used for antisepsis, disinfect thermometers

37
Q

What is the optimum concentration for cleaning alcohols

A

70%

38
Q

What is an example of a intermediate level disinfection/ sterilization

A

Phenolic compounds

39
Q

What are examples of Phenolic compounds

A

Hexachlorophene

Chlorhexidine

40
Q

What is the shelf life of chlorine containing agents

A

24 hour

41
Q

What are advantages of bleach- chorine detergent

A

cheap, available, kills vegetative bacteria (rapid), kills tubercle bacilli and viruses

42
Q

What are disadvantages of bleach- chlorine detergents

A

not good for metal, plastic, rubbers; irritates skin/eyes, v high concentration kills spores

43
Q

What is a example of a strong detergent

A

when dilution is 1 in 10

44
Q

What are examples of High grade chemical disinfection/ sterilization

A

Glutaraldehyde and Peroxygen

45
Q

What is the shelf life for glutaraldehyde

A

limited shelf life after activation

46
Q

What are advantages of glutaraldehyde

A

broad spectrum, not inactivated by organic materials

47
Q

What are disadvantages of glutaraldehyde

A

money, toxic, irritating fumes

48
Q

What are examples of mechanical disinfection

A

Pasteurization and filtration

49
Q

What are misc. methods of microbial control

A

UV light radiation, Ionizing radiation, moist heat (boiling)

Phar 203 (2 decks)

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