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Sterilization > Sterilization > Flashcards

Sterilization Flashcards

1
Q

Asepsis vs sterilization?

A

Asepsis - absence of infectious organisms

Sterilization - complete elimination or destruction of all forms of micribial life

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2
Q

Steos to sterilization?

A 
Point of use treatment
Transport to decontamination
Cleaning 
Disinfection
Verification of cleaning process
Inspection and testing 
Instrument  teay or set assembly 
Packaging 
Sterilization 
Storage
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3
Q

Manufacturers instructions are a resource for?

A 
Use 
Maintenance 
Cleaning
Decontamination 
Assembly 
Packaging 
Sterilization 
Storage
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4
Q

What is sterilization for surgical items determinded by?

A

Instrument design
Sterilization cycle
Equipment that is included in sterilization load
Packaging system

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5
Q

When in doubt anout how to sterilize or package items what instructions should you follow?

A

Device manufacturers instructions for use

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6
Q

What is the first step to decontamination process?

A

Point of use treatment
(Intra op cleaning)

Reduces formation of biofilm

Wiping instruments with a sponge soaked in sterile water

Flushing the channels and ports with sterile water

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7
Q

Biofilm vs biodurden

A

Biofilm - accumulation of bacteria and other biological elements that creates a tight adhesion to instrument surface

Bioburden - amount of microbial contamination on an instruments surface (biological elements)

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8
Q

Biofilm strength is determined by?

A

Type of bioburden
How much is present
Resistance of the microorganisms

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9
Q

Actions before transport of instruments?

A

Discard sharps
Discard liquids
Separate instruments: sharp, delicate, heavy
Follow manufacturers instructions for disassembly
Moisten instruments sterile water or pre enzymatic pre treatment

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10
Q

When and how to transport items?

A

Done ASAP

closed container/cart

  • leak proof
  • can contain all contents
  • biohazard label
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11
Q

Manual cleaning?

A

Removal of organic and inorganic soil from equipment

First step of decontamination

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12
Q

Water temp for decontamination?

A

Cool water - prevents coagulation of blood

Hot water - makes removal more difficult

Follow manufacturer’s instructions when using detergent

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13
Q

Submersion of instruments?

A

Any instrument that can be should be fully emerged

  • reduces risk of splash or spray
  • avoids aerosolization
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14
Q

Mechanical cleaning?

A

Follows manual cleaning

Provides consistent concentrations of cleaning solutions
Temp control 
Standardized washing and rinsing
Easier monitoring 
Decreased risk of exposure
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15
Q

Types of mechanical cleaning?

A

Washer-disinfector - mechnical and thermal action of machine with chemical action of cleaning agent

Ultrasonic - mechanical cleaning method removes soil from hard to access areas
- high frequency sound waves (cativation)

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16
Q

What do you inspect after cleaning?

A 
Cleanliness 
Sharpness 
Complete assembly
Alignment 
Cord/cable integrity 
Functioning capability
17
Q

3 types of testing by decontamination?

A

Swab or strip - swab surface and monitor for color change

Solution vial - swab surface and place in vial and monitor for colour change

ATP - pre treated swab on surface and insert into test device

18
Q

Assembly of tray steps?

A 
Completely dry 
Count items
Placed to protect from damage
Ratchets open 
Protective guards on sharp/delicates
Cupped instruments placed down
Dissassembly of detachable parts
Evenly distributed tray weight 
Indicators placed inside and out
Wrapped or placed in container
Label
19
Q

Weight of set?

A

Cannot exceed >25lbs

  • longer drying times
  • increased risk of injury
20
Q

Compatibility of packaging?

A

Packaging needs to be compatible with sterilization method

Ex. Hydrogen peroxide requires non woven pouches or reusable containers cause it can be absorbed by porous wraps which affects sterilization

21
Q

Chemical indicators?

A

Test sterilization
Monitor presence of 1 or more sterilization parameters

Can be:
Internal - verify one or more of the conditions have been met

External- verify packaging has been exposoded to sterilization process

22
Q

Chemical indicator classes?

A

1 - process indicator ex tape
2 - specialty indicator ex tests for air
3 - single parameter ex reacts to one parameter (steam time/temp)
4 - multiparameter ex reacts to 2 or more
5 - integrating indicators ex package has been exposed to all critical elements
6 - emulating indicator ex reacts to all critical parameters

23
Q

Biological indicators?

A

Used to monitor efficacy of sterilizer

Quality test to ensure non pathogenic spores housed within BI were killed
- run each day and every load with impants

If test neagtive conditions were met

If positive report immediately and do not use sterilizer

24
Q

Package labels

A

Sterilizer tracking
Cycle identification
Personnel involved
Description of contents

25
Q

Steam sterilizers? And 2 types?

A

Most common
Uses pressurized saturated steam

  1. Dynamic air removal - vacuum pulls out air
  2. Gravity displacement - removal of air by gravity
    - air is replaced by steam
26
Q

Chemical sterilization and types?

A

Items that cannot handle high heat and moisture

Hydrogen peroxide - vapor, low temp

Peracetic acid - items must be immersed

Ethylene oxide - toxic/carcinogen

Dry heat - causes coagulation of proteins, requires high temps

27
Q

Storage of items?

A 
Limit exposure to:
Dust
Air movement 
Pests/vermin 
Humidity 
Handling
Temp extremes
28
Q

Event related elements that affect shelf life?

A

Packing of item
Storage conditions
Transport
Frequency and methods of handling

29
Q

Why is wet instruments bad?

A

Moisture creates pathway for microorganisms to enter processed package

Wet = contaminated

30
Q

Causes of wet packs?

A

Sterilizer malfunction
Incorrect loading of instrument cart
Storage conditions
Packaging errors

31
Q

5 physical parmeters for sterilization?

A 
Time
Temp
Pressure
Humidity 
Gas concentration
32
Q

Spaulding classification system

A

Critical - used in sterile tissue

Semi critical - touches intact skin or mucous membranes

Non critical - touches intact skin

33
Q

4 parameters that affect steam sterilization?

A

Steam saturation
Pressure
Time
Temp

34
Q

Bowie dick test tests for what?

A

Air removal

35
Q

Drying time for sterilized instruments?

A

1hr

36
Q

Internal vs external indicators?

A

Internal - states if parameters have been met

External - cannot say if sterile. States package has been exposed to sterilization process

37
Q

Define disinfection?

A

A chemical or physical process of destroying ALL pathogenic microorganisms except spores

High - kills some spores but not CJD (mad cow)

Intermediate

Low

38
Q

Immediate use steam sterilizer

A

For urgent/unplanned need

No implants

Sterilization (1 decks)

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