Stereotyping And Prejudice I & II Flashcards
Stereotypes don’t have to be necessarily evaluative and can be what?
Informal
Negative
Positive
What are stereotypes?
Knowledge, beliefs and expectations about a particular group of people or a person.
What is an example of informal stereotypes?
“Dancers are energetic”
What is an example of a negative stereotype?
“Lawyers are greedy”
What is an example of a positive stereotype?
“Doctors are caring”
How are stereotypes formed?
Basic categorisation: social identity theory (Tajfel and Turner, 1986)
What is the essence of Tajfel and Turner, 1986 social identity theory?
Automatic classification; us vs them mentality (in group out group)
How are stereotypes adaptive?
They allow us to quickly guide our thoughts and behaviours about affiliation, resource sharing etc
How are stereotypes used?
In group favouritism: relative reference for selective affiliation with individuals who are considered to be part of our group
What is out group derogation?
Relative denial of resources and affiliation with individuals who are not considered to be part of our own group
What are two self serving functions of stereotypes?
Ego defence and self esteem maintainence
Negative stereotypes allow for justification of large scale what?
Biases and discrimination
How do stereotypes lead to prejudice?
Negative attitude towards a group
What are the three components of prejudice attitude?
Cognitive component (stereotype about a group) Affective component (feelings about a group) Behavioural component (discrimination about a group)
How is prejudice informed by stereotypes? (Friske, 1998)
Men: high competence, low warmth
Women: low competence, high warmth
Modern prejudice in Australia: Pederson and Hartley, 2011
Muslim women were perceived more positively than Muslims in general and Muslims in general perceived more positively than Muslim men.
Bias map (Coddy et al. 2007)
Universal dimensions of interpersonal perception
- Warmth: good natured, trustworthy, tolerant, friendly and sincere
- Competence: capable, skilful, intelligent and confident
Emotions do what in prejudice?
Mediate cognitions or discrimination
Stereotype content model (Fiske et al 2002)
Groups perceived simultaneously in terms of both warmth and competence; differences boil down to competition and status. (Non competitive- others judged to be warm, high status- others judged to be competent)
Bias map: what does bias stand for?
Behaviours from Intergroup Affect and Stereotype map.
What are the two dimensions of the bias map?
Active vs passive behaviours
Bias map have direct vs indirect effects on out groups in what sense of behaviour?
Facilitation vs harm behaviours (and prosocial vs antisocial orientations)
What are active facilitation and active active harm?
Active facilitation (acting for) Active harm (acting against)
What are passive harm and passive facilitation?
Passive facilitation (acting with) Passive harm (acting without)
