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Biology > stem cells and totipotency > Flashcards

stem cells and totipotency Flashcards

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1
Q

define cell differentiation

A

the process by which each cell develops into a specialised structure suited to the role that it will carry out.

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2
Q

define totipotent cells

A

cells that can mature into any body cells

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3
Q

define stem cells

A

undifferentiated dividing cells that occur in adult animal tissues. they need to be constantly replaced.

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4
Q

define embryonic stem cells

A

can differentiate into any type of cell in the initial stages of development

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5
Q

what are the 4 origins of stem cells

A

embryonic stem cells, umbilical cord blood stem cells, placental stem cells, adult stem cells

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6
Q

types of stem cells

A

totipotent stem cells
pluripotent stem cells
multipotent stem cells
unipotent stem cells

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7
Q

define totipotent stem cells

A

found in the early embryo and can differentiate into any type of cell

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8
Q

define pluripotent stem cells

A

found in embryos and can differentiate into almost any type of cell

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9
Q

define multipotent stem cells

A

found in adults and can differentiate into a limited number of specialised cells

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10
Q

define unipotent stem cells

A

can only differentiate into a single type of cell

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11
Q

examples of types of totipotent stem cells

A

zygote

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12
Q

examples of types of pluripotent stem cells

A

embryonic stem cells

fetal stem cells

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13
Q

examples of types of multipotent stem cells

A

adult stem cells

umbilical cord blood stem cells

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14
Q

examples of types of unipotent stem cells

A

cardiomyocytes- heart muscle cells that can divide to produce new heart tissue

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15
Q

order: pluripotent, multipotent, unipotent, totipotent

A

totipotent-> pluripotent-> multipotent-> unipotent

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16
Q

define induced pluripotent stem cells

A

a type of pluripotent cell that is produced from unipotent stem cells

17
Q

uses of embryonic stem cells

A
  • can be cloned to form almost any type of tissue in the body (means they can be used in transplants)
  • can be used to study disease (can study how the disease develops and try out new drugs on them)
  • allow us to study the earliest stages of human development (useful in preventing miscarriages/treating birth defect and infertility)
18
Q

how do adult stem cells differ from embryonic stem cells (2)

A

adult stem cells are multipotent- only develop into certain cells
embryonic stem cells are totipotent- can develop into any kind of cell
(ES cells are pluripotent after the forming of the blastocyst)

Biology (10 decks)

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