stem cells

Question 1

how do erythrocytes and neutrophils differentiate from bone marrow?

Answer 1

they are replaced by stem cell colonies in bone marrow as they have a short life

Question 2

state the three sources of stem cells

Answer 2

embryonic
adult stem cell
meristem

Question 3

describe embryonic stem cells

Answer 3

totipotent until a blastocyst forms and then becomes pluripotent

Question 4

describe adult stem cells

Answer 4

multipotent
found in bone marrow

Question 5

describe meristem cells

Answer 5

in roots and shoots or vascular cambium

Question 6

how are stem cells used to treat heart disease?

Answer 6

repair muscle tissue damage

Question 7

how are stem cells used to treat T1 diabetes?

Answer 7

inject insulin

Question 8

how are stem cells used to treat burns?

Answer 8

grown on biodegradable mesh to produce new skin

Question 9

how are stem cells used to treat alzheimers?

Answer 9

abnormal proteins destroy brain cells

Question 10

how are stem cells used in drug trials?

Answer 10

allows testing

Question 11

outline the benefits of using stem cells (3)

Answer 11

• stem cells have no fixed antigens so will not be rejected by the body
• undifferentiated and constantly renew so can produce any type of cell
• large number of cells available quickly