stem cells Flashcards
what is a stem cell
a cell capable of self renewal or differentiation into a specialised cell
what is a niche
a group where stem cells are
what is a haemopoietic stem cell
stem cells of the blood that can replenishing the blood cell population
how do we treat blood cancers
we destroy the bone marrow of a patient and replace it with a bone marrow transplant
what stem cells can you isolate from an adult cell
haemopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and neural stem cells
what is a multipotent stem cell
they can differentiate into more than one type of cell, but not all and eventually they will senese
what is a pluripotent stem cell
a cell that can divide into any type of adult cell and are able to divide indefinitely
how can we grow embryonic stem cells
extract 3.5-day-old blastocysts from an embryo and inject it into a fibroblast on a cell culture dish and this forms the embryonic stem cell culture
what can grown pluripotent cells form
germ layers
what will grown pluripotent cells form in mice
teratomas
what is a chimera
an organism with two sets of separate genetic material
when will a chimera be formed
when 2 sperm and 2 egg cells fuse after fertilistion
what is a germline chimera
when embryonic stem cells are injected into a blastocyst
what is a knockout mouse
where two chimeric mice are mated to produce a mouse with only the embryonic stem cell genetic material, creating a knockout effect
what do knockout mice allow us to do
they allow us to identify what genes do
