Stem Cell Key Words Flashcards
Autologous
When something is derived from an individual’s own tissues, cells, or DNA
Allogeneic Stem Cells
healthy cells from a donor who is genetically different from the recipient
Multipotent
Can give rise to multiple cells within a lineage
Pluripotent
Can give rise to all cell types in an adult
Totipotent
Can give rise to all embryonic and adult lineages
Where are mesenchymal stem cells found?
They are found in bone marrow, placenta, umbilical cord tissue, and fat.
What are mesenchymal stem cells?
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including bone, cartilage, fat, and connective tissue.
What is an embryonic stem cell?
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are cells that can differentiate into any cell type in the body and are derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early stage of an embryo. (Aborted babies)
What main cells types can mesenchymal stem cells turn into?
Mesenchymal stem cells can primarily differentiate into tissues of the mesenchymal lineage, including bone (osteoblasts), cartilage (chondrocytes), fat (adipocytes), muscle (myocytes), and connective tissue (fibroblasts); essentially forming the structural components of the body.
Osteoblasts
are the cells that form new bones and grow and heal existing bones
Fibroblasts
Cells that helps form connective tissue, which supports and connects organs and tissues in the body
Myocytes
muscle cells or muscle fibers
Adipocytes
Fat cells, also known as lipocytes
Cartilage
is a flexible connective tissue that differs from bone in several ways; it is avascular and its microarchitecture is less organized than bone. The cells (chondrocytes) are scattered and lie firmly fixed in matrix supported by collagen and elastic fibres
Chondrocyte
are the cells responsible for cartilage formation, and they are crucial for the process of endochondral ossification, which is useful for bone development
