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Steering > Steering Angles & Alignment > Flashcards

Steering Angles & Alignment Flashcards

1
Q

What is steering stability?

A

The vehicles tendency to want to go straight, term is synonymous with predictable directional control

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2
Q

What steering angle are to be considered when preforming a alignment?

A 
Toe
Caster
Camber 
King pin inclination
Turning radius
Thrust and scrub
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3
Q

Angle primary purpose classifications

A

Tire wearing

Directional control

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4
Q

What are the primary tire wearing angles?

A

Toe
Camber
Turning radius

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5
Q

What are the 3 major characteristics to focus on when doing a alignment?

A

Ease of steering
Steering stability
Reduced tire wear

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6
Q

Caster

A

Is the forward or backward tilt of the king pin at the top (viewed from the side)

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7
Q

Purpose of castor

A

Tends to increase the vehicles tendency to want to go straight

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8
Q

Positive castor

A

Tilting the steering axis rearward. load is projected ahead of the tire point of contact. Wants to hold straight ahead more

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9
Q

Excessive positive castor

A

Can cause excessive road shock, heavy steering and shimmy

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10
Q

Castor pull

A

The vehicle will want to pull to the side with the least positive castor

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11
Q

Excessive negative castor

A

Causes easier steering at low speeds, but instability at high speeds, combined with wander and weave

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12
Q

Camber

A

The outward or inward tilt of the wheel at the top (viewed from the front)

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13
Q

Positive camber

A

Tilts outward

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14
Q

Negative camber

A

Tilts inward

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15
Q

Purposes of camber (2)

A

Brings the point of contact more directly under the point of the load
Provides easy steering by allowing the weight of the vehicle to be carried closer to the steering axis

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16
Q

Camber pull

A

Vehicle will pull to the side with the most positive camber

17
Q

Kingpin Inclination Angle (KPI)

A

The inward tilt of the steering axis at the top.

18
Q

Purpose of KPI

A

It reduces the need for high camber
it brings the point of contact more directly under the point of load
Reduces road shock and brake pull
Provides steering stability

19
Q

Included angle

A

Angle when camber and KPI are added together

20
Q

Scrub radius

A

The distance between the projected steering axis and the centre of the tire contact area, measured at road surface.
Most vehicle’s have positive scrub (projected KPI is inside of contact area)

21
Q

Turning radius

A

Toe out on turns

22
Q

Ackerman Principle

A

The theoretical lines through the kingpin, tie rod end, and centre of the drive wheel assembly

23
Q

Thrust angle

A

The angle formed by the thrust line and the geometric centre line

24
Q

Geometric centerline

A

A line determined by the midpoints of the front and rear wheels.

25
Q

Vehicle centerline

A

An invisible reference line that runs longitudinally down the middle of the vehicle

26
Q

Thrust line

A

Determined by the total toe of the rear wheels. The thrust line divides the toe in half and runs up the centre of the vehicle. Determines the direction the vehicle will travel.

27
Q

Scrub angle

A

Is the angle formed by the intersection of the horizontal lines drawn through the rear axle when the total toe an offset is zero. Caused when drive axle are not square to each other and the frame

28
Q

Positive scrub

A

The 2 axles are closet on the right. Pass side = positive PP

29
Q

Negative scrub

A

2 axles are closet on the left

30
Q

Lateral run out

A

Checked on the side of rim or tire. Will affect drivability but will not affect toe readings

31
Q

Radial run out

A

checked on the face of the tire.

32
Q

castor shims can not compensate for more then how many degrees of rotation?

A

2

33
Q

When viewed from the front of a vehicle, both upper tires appear to have positive camber. The tires are tilted:

A

Out at the top

34
Q

T/F toe out on turns alignment setting will be correct when the outer front tire turns at a sharper angle then the inner tire?

A

False

inner is sharper

35
Q

Wheel bearings that are out of adjustment (loose) may affect two particular wheel alignment settings, what are they?

A

Toe

Camber

36
Q

Suspension components that are weak and sagging due to a bent axle, may affect two alignment settings, what are they?

A

Camber

Castor

37
Q

T/F Positive caster projects the point of load ahead of the point of contact?

A

True

38
Q

How are the KPI and toe out on turns corrected if found to be out of spec on a alignment?

A

All damaged parts must be replaced and can not be repaired

Steering (5 decks)

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