Steel Framing Flashcards
Greater proportions of carbon generally __________ the hardness and brittleness of the iron alloy,
Increase
Wrought Iron facts:
Little or no carbon
Strong in tension
Weak in compression
Malleable (easily shaped) and soft
Mild steel facts:
Most common alloy for modern structural steel
Not more than 0.3% carbon
Medium & high carbon steel facts:
Carbon percentage between 0.3% - 2%
strong in both tension & compression
ductile (no sudden failure)
Cast iron facts:
2-4% carbon
Strong in compression
Less strong in tension
Brittle (prone to sudden failure)
Summarize steelmaking process:
Iron ore is processed into molten iron
molten iron turned into molten steel
poured into desired shapes
An alternative way to make structural steel is using:
recycled steel scrap in “mini-mills” using electric arc furnaces
after steel is made, structural shapes are produced in a:
Rolling mill
Explain designation W10 X 30
W: Shape designation
10: nominal depth (inches)
30: weight (lbs / lf)
What are hollow Structural Sections (HSS) mainly used for?
Trusses
Structurally efficient column sections
how is stainless steel different than regular steel?
additional nickel and chromium
Deforming steel in its cold state causes:
increased strength
Are open web steel joists made from hot or cold formed components?
both
What is the depth range for open web steel joists?
8in to 6 ft
What are the three main ways we join steel?
Welding
Bolting
Rivets
What is riveting?
hot fasteners are inserted through members
hammered and left to cool
Are bolted connections high strength or low strength? (relatively)
Low strength
What are the uses of bolted connections?
Fastening light framing elements
holding temporary connections
In a bearing-type connection, bolt is stressed in:
Shear
What are the three different types of welding?
Fillet
Groove
Puddle
Fillet weld is:
Beside structural members
Groove weld is:
In between structural members
Puddle weld:
Fasten metal decking to structural members
Simple connection only transfers:
Gravity loads (shear loads)
Moment connection transfers:
Gravity loads and bending forces
The purpose of dog bone cut in connections is:
In a seismic event it’ll deform first protecting more brittle welds
Building frames can be made stable by these three methods:
Diagonal bracing
Moment frame
Shear wall
Are diagonal braced frames free to rotate?
yes
Fully restrained moment connection:
Transfer bending forces with no rotation
Partially restrained moment connection:
Transfer bending forces with some rotation
Steel Construction Timeline:
- Prep Structural Drawings
- Prep Shop Drawings
- Submission & approval
- Order
- Fabrication
- Shipment
- Erection
Steel framing plans show:
Size & location of steel members
How are steel members identified?
Labeled to correspond to drawings
What are steel erector workers called?
Ironworkers
Steel frame erection sequence:
Erect columns
Install beams
plumb structure
weld or tighten connections
Install edge angles & decking
Start next tier
What are three options to set a column to proper elevation?
Leveling plate
Leveling nuts
Shims
What is “plumbing”?
Make vertical using cables
_________________ laid over the framing is the most common floor and roof decking material
Corrugated steel decking
_______ Weld is used to connect decking to framing members
Puddle
Composite Metal Decking functions as:
Backing for concrete
Steel reinforcing
With proper fire protection, can building heights and areas be unlimited?
Yes
Above ____________F, steel rapidly looses strength
500-600
What are some examples of fireproofing materials?
Concrete
Plaster
Gypsum board
Spray-applied insulation
What is the most common approach to fire protection?
Spray applied fire resistive material (SFRM)
