Steedsy Theme 1 Flashcards
What does factors of production mean
the inputs used to produce a good or service in order to produce income.
What are the 4 factors of production
Land
Labour
Capital
Enterprise
Opportunity cost
the value of the next best thing you give up whenever you make a decision
Economic Sustainability
practices that support long-term economic growth without negatively impacting social, environmental, and cultural aspects of the community.
What is the basic economic problem
How to best use the limited resources to satisfy Unlimited wants of people
What is economic growth
an increase in the amount of goods and services produced per head of the population over a period of time.
A market definition
where buyers and sellers can meet to facilitate the exchange or transaction of goods and services
Factor market definition
all of the resources that businesses use to purchase, rent, or hire what they need in order to produce goods or services
product market definition
the marketplace where final goods or services are sold to businesses and the public sector
Specialisation definition
the process wherein a company or individual decides to focus their labor on a specific type of production
Division of labour definition
the separation of a work process into a number of tasks, with each task performed by a separate person or group of persons
Exchange definition
a marketplace where securities, commodities, derivatives and other financial instruments are traded.
What are the 4 economic agents and what are the decisions they make
Governemnt - make decisions to try and maximise social welfare
Consumers - makes decisions to maximise social welfare
Firms - makes decisions to try and maximise profits
Workers - makes decisions to maximise their pay
What is an economic agent
A person, company, or organization that has an influence on the economy by producing, buying, or selling
What is the law of diminishing marginal utility
As the amount consumed of a commodity increases, the utility (satisfaction) derided by the customer from the additional units decreases
Total utility
The total satisfaction from a given level of consumption
Marginal utility
The change in satisfaction from consuming an extra unit
Demand definition
The amount of product people are willing to buy after a given price
What is the relationship between demand and price
As price goes down, demand goes up
If price decreases, what happens to the demand
There is an expansion of demand (increases)
If price increases, what happens to the demand
There is a contraction of demand (decreases)
What factors cause a SHIFT in demand
Income
population changes
fashion
changes in price of substitute goods
advertising
change in price of complimentary goods
Why would an increase in income cause a shift in demand and what happens to the shape of the graph
People can buy more of the product when the price of the product hasn’t actually changed. So the graph will shift to the right as price hasn’t changed but quantity has increases
What will happen to the demand of the product if a substitute product decreases its price
It will decrease for the product but increase for the substitute good
What is a substitute good
Does the same job
What does the supply curve show
A graph that shows the direct relationship between quantity supplied and prices
As price goes up, they will try and sell more
What are the factors affecting supply
- changes in cost of production
- natural factors e.g. effect of weather on crops
- government taxes and subsidies