STDs, Pap Smear, Prenatal Testing in First Trimester Flashcards
Prenatal Profile
CBC (complete Blood count), ABO Blood Type, Rubella Titer, Hepatitis, B, RPR (Rapid Plasma Reigin), HIV
CBC
Complete blood count; gives information about the cells in your body; it can show infection, anemia, and some kinds of cancers; hemoglobin and hematocrit levels
Hemoglobin
Responsible for iron and oxygen transport; normal value is 11.5-15; When low it is not bringing oxygen to your tissues
Hematocrit
Ratio of the volume of red blood cells in the total blood volume, usually between 35-42
ABO Blood type, RH, and Antibody Screen
A, B, AB, and O; RH: rhesis factor, negative or positive that is added on to the A or B blood types
Rubella Titer
Checks for the mother’s immunity to rubella
Hepatitis B
Viral form of hepatitis; contracted through the blood; harmful for newborn, causing liver damage and jaundice, they carry it for the rest of their lives
What can STDs cause during pregnancy?
IUGR, neurologic problems, blindness, liver disease, preterm labor, complicated deliver, stillbirth; there are treatments to minimize these risks.
RPR (Rapid Plasma Reigin)
Screening test for syphilis. It looks for antibodies that are present in the blood. Treatment is usually an antibiotic. Syphilis can be asymptomatic. Risks: miscarriages, premature births, stillbirths, death of newborn babies, developing symptoms at birth or later (Skin sores, fever, jaundice, anemia, developmental delays)
Gonorrhea
TEsted during the first visit during the PAP smear; Risks: can be asymptomatic; if untreated it can cause PID or infertility; Bacterium that can cause blindness if the newborn if passed during birth.
Chlamydia
Most frequently reported STD in the US; Silent infection; Bacterium that can cause PID; Risks: preterm deliver, spread to newborn causing eye infection or pneumonia; cured by antibiotics.
Trichomoniasis
Considered the most common, curable STD; Parasitical infection, yellow or green and frothy discharge with an unpleasant odor, red irritated itchy vulva or vagina, discofort hen urinating or during intercourse; Risks: preterm deliver, low birth weight
Herpes
Can cause sores in the genital area and infections int he mouth and lips, can be asymptomatic. A woman with a herpes outbreak needs a cesarean
HPV (Human papilloma Virus)
Causes 80% of cervical cancers. Risks: Genital warts, other cancers
HIV
Tested in 1st and 3rd trimesters
Pap Smear
Cervical cancer is the most frequent malignancy found during pregnancy. There are no risks associated with the pap smear.
Displaysia
Abnormal cells on the pap smear; treatment: further testing through a repeat pap or colposcopy, biopsy
What is the recommended Pap schedule?
21-30, Pap smear every 2 years; AFter 30, if they have had 3 normal pap smears, every 3 years. AFter 65, if they have had 3 normal pap smears, they no longer need them
Diagnostic Testing
a diagnostic test can usually provide a definitive answer. Generally, it can state whether or not a problem exists. These are usually more than 99% accurate
Screening Testing
A screening test will not provide a definitive answer. Generally, it will only state if the chance for a problem is increased or decreased.
What is the main goal of prenatal testing?
To offer choice to women.
CVS (Chorionic Villi Sampling)
Guide a needle through the cervix and take cells from the placenta (transabdominally); first trimester, 1% miscarriage can occur, Diagnostic tests done at 10-12 weeks, identifies most chromosomal abnormalities; risks: miscarriage, preterm labor, limb abnormality
Nuchal Translucency
A Screening test, accuracy is in the high 60s, lots of high false positives; must be done between 10-13 weeks; dates must be spcific; high level ultrasound that measures the fetal neck fold; 2nd part of test is a blood draw that measures proteins associated with Downs and Trisomy 18.
