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Fertility/Infertility, STDs > STDs > Flashcards

STDs Flashcards

1
Q

Name all the STDs needed

There are 8

A

Trichomoniasis
Bacterial vaginosis
Chlamydial infection
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Herpes
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS

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2
Q

(T/F) Trichomoniasis is caused by a virus

A

False, Trichomoniasis is caused by a protozoan parasite

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3
Q

Which gender is more likely to have Trichomoniasis? Older or younger of that gender?

A

Female, specifically older women than younger

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4
Q

How is Trichomoniasis spread?

A

Sex without condom, the parasite is usually spread from penis to vagina, vagina to penis, or vagina to vagina

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5
Q

(T/F) It is common for Trichomoniasis to infect other body parts, like the hands, mouth, or anus.

A

False, it is not common for the parasite to infect other body parts.

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6
Q

Where is Trichomoniasis most commonly found in men and women?

There are four places for a women, one for a man

A

The lower genital tract of a women (vulva, vagina, cervix, or urethra) and inside the penis (urethra) for males

This is why it’s uncommon for the parasite to infect other areas!

This is also why it spreads from vagina to penis, vice-versa, and vagina to vagina since this is where the parasite infects.

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7
Q

(T/F) People with trich can pass the infection to others, even if they do not have symptoms.

A

True, about 70% of people infected with the parasite do not have signs and symptoms

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8
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Trichomoniasis in men?

There are 3

A

Itching or irritation inside the penis;
Burning after peeing or ejaculating; and
Discharge from the penis.

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9
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Trichomoniasis in women?

There are 3

A

Itching, burning, redness or soreness of the genitals;
Discomfort when peeing; and
A clear, white, yellowish, or greenish vaginal discharge (i.e., thin discharge or increased volume) with a “foul moldy smell”

Vaginal pH is acidic as well, greater than 4.5, normal being 3.8-4.5

Important: This is a sign that will differentiate this STD to another. Like BV. “This” is taken from Google and is not in the book, the book mentions nothing about smell for trichomoniasis.

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10
Q

(T/F) Trichomoniasis can increase the risk of getting or spreading other sexually transmitted infections.

A

True

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11
Q

How does Trichomoniasis affect pregnant women?

A

They are more likely to have their baby early and babies are more likely to have low birth weigh

Mentioned in someone’s slides

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12
Q

What test(s) is used to diagnose Trichomoniasis?

There are 3

A

Rapid antigen test and nucleic acid amplification test (NATT); The diagnosis is made by identifying the organism in a wet-mount preparation.

Google states this is the gold standard for testing the parasite, know both though to be safe. Vaguely remember something about this in the presentation

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13
Q

Even after treating Trichomoniasis, reinfection occurs in about 1 in 5 people within how many months after receiving treatment?

A

3 months

This can happen if you have sex without a condom with a person who has trich.

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14
Q

You should receive testing again in about how many months after your treatment, even if your sex partner(s) received treatment?

A

3 months

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15
Q

How is Trichomoniasis treated? Which medications are prescribed?

There are two meds

A

Through antibiotics, with metronidazole and/or tinidazole

Trichomoniasis is the most common curable STD (According to the CDC); The most common one is metronidazole with tinidazole as the other option

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16
Q

(T/F) Trichomoniasis is treatable

A

True

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17
Q

(T/F) Bacterial Vaginosis is spread by a virus

A

False

It’s literally in the name

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18
Q

How does Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) develop?

A

When there is too much of certain bacteria in the vagina, changing the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina; BV is a result of an imbalance of “good” and “harmful” bacteria in a vagina

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19
Q

What upsets the normal balance of vaginal bacteria?

There are three things to be named

A

Douching, not using condoms, and having new or multiple sex partners.

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20
Q

What is the age range to get Bacterial Vaginosis?

A

Women in ages 15-44

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21
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of BV?

There are 5

A

A thin white or gray vaginal discharge;
Pain, itching, or burning in the vagina;
A strong fish-like odor, especially after sex;
Burning when peeing; and
Itching around the outside of the vagina.

This can help differentiate between other STDs like Trichomoniasis

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22
Q

(T/F) Male sex partners of women with BV need to get treated as well

A

False

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23
Q

(T/F) BV is treated with antibiotics

A

True, most commonly used is metronidazole. and/or clindamycin

Shared medication with Trichomoniasis

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24
Q

How does BV affect pregnancy?

A

Baby is more likely to be born early (premature) or at a low birth weight.

Low birth weight means less than 5.5 pounds at birth

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25
Q

What STDs are commonly found to cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

A

Chlamydia and gonorrhea

PID makes it difficult to have children

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26
Q

(T/F) Trichomoniasis can go away on its own without treatment

A

False, Trichomoniasis is unlikely to go away on its own

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27
Q

(T/F) Bacterial Vaginosis can go away on its own without treatment

A

True, BV can go away without treatment

It is still recommended to avoid increased chance of some serious health risks associated with BV, including: Getting or transmitting HIV; Delivering your baby too early if you have BV while pregnant; and Getting other STDs like chlamydia and gonorrhea.

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28
Q

What test is used to diagnose Bacterial Vaginosis?

A

By preparing a saline wet mount and identifying characteristic clue cells (epithelial cells with numerous bacilli clinging to their surface).

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29
Q

What can alchol ingestion result in when taking metronidazole?

A

A disulfiram-like (Antabuse) reaction

Hangover reaction(?); Ask mom to help you look it up

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30
Q

Women should be advised to avoid using alcohol during BV treatment and for 24 hours (which med?) or 72 hours (which med?) after BV treatment is complete.

What hour goes with what medication for BV

A

24 hours: metronidazole
72 hours: tinidazole

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31
Q

(T/F) Chlamydia is a bacterial infection

A

True

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32
Q

How does chlamydia spread?

A

Having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone that has chlamydia. The infection is carried in semen (cum), pre-cum, and vaginal fluids.

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33
Q

(T/F) You can still get chlamydia even if your partner doesn’t ejaculate

A

True

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34
Q

(T/F) You can give chlamydia to your baby during childbirth

A

True, the infection is also in vaginal fluids which can infect your baby during childbirth. It can not get it in the womb, however, since it’s in bodily fluids but not blood

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35
Q

How does chlamydia affect pregnancy/the baby?

A

Pre-mature/Early delivery of baby
Eye infection and/or pneumonia in baby

If you are pregnant, you should receive testing for chlamydia at your first prenatal visit.

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36
Q

Signs and symptoms of chlamydia in men

There are three

A

A discharge from their penis;
A burning sensation when peeing; and
Pain and swelling in one or both testicles (although this is less common).

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37
Q

Signs and symptoms of chlamydia in women

There are two

A

Yellowish vaginal discharge
Burning sensation when urinating

These symptoms mimic gonorrhea, making it difficult to differentiate the two. These two STDs often go hand-in-hand and are treated together.

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38
Q

(T/F) Those infected with chlamydia are often asymptomatic

A

True, often called the “silent infection”

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39
Q

How is chlamydia diagnosed?

A

Nucleic acid amplification tests. NAATs are the most sensitive tests to use on easy-to-obtain specimens. This includes vaginal swabs (women) or urine (men).

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40
Q

What are medications used to treat chlamydia?

There are two main ones, three other ones

A

Azithromycin or doxycycline.

Ofloxacin, levofloxacin, or erythromycin is also commonly ordered.

41
Q

Who is at risk for getting chlamydia?

There are two

A

Sexually active young people (younger than 25)
25 years and older with risk factors, such as new or multiple sex partners, or a sex partner who has a sexually transmitted infection.

Gay and bisexual men are also at risk since chlamydia can spread through oral and anal sex.

42
Q

How does chlamydia affect the reproductive system?

There is one main section with four subsections

A

Can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Some of the complications of PID are:

Formation of scar tissue that blocks fallopian tubes;
Ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the womb);
Infertility (not being able to get pregnant); and
Long-term pelvic/abdominal pain.

43
Q

If given a single dose of medicine, you should wait how many days after taking the medicine before having sex?

A

Seven days

If given medicine to take for seven days, wait until you finish all the doses before having sex.

44
Q

(T/F) Chlamydia is treatable

A

True

45
Q

How is gonorrhea spread?

A

Vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has gonorrhea

46
Q

(T/F) You can give gonorrhea to your baby during childbirth

A

True, the infection is also in vaginal fluids which can infect your baby during childbirth. It can not get it in the womb, however, since it’s in bodily fluids but not blood

47
Q

What are signs/symptoms of gonorrhea in women?

There are 3

A

Purulent discharge
Dysuria (pain with urination)
Painful intercourse

48
Q

What are signs/symptoms of gonorrhea in men?

There are 3

A

A burning sensation when peeing;
A white, yellow, or green discharge from the penis; and
Painful or swollen testicles (although this is less common).

49
Q

How is gonorrhea diagnosed?

A

NAAT Testing

If the gonorrhea is from anal or oral sex, you’ll be swabbed orally or in the rectum

50
Q

(T/F) Gonorrhea is curable

A

True

51
Q

What are medications used to treat gonorrhea?

There are two main ones and five other ones

A

Ceftriaxone (250 mg) intramuscularly in a single dose or Cefixime (400 mg) in a single oral dose or other single-dose injectable cephalosporins.

Azithromycin or doxycycline. Ofloxacin, levofloxacin, or erythromycin is also commonly ordered.

This is previously listed in chlamydia that also apply to gonorrhea

52
Q

When can you have sex after gonorrhea treatment? When should you be retested?

A

Wait 7 days after finishing all medicine, retest in 3 months

53
Q

How does gonorrhea affect the reproductive system?

There is one main section with four subsections

A

Can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Some of the complications of PID are:

Formation of scar tissue that blocks fallopian tubes;
Ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the womb);
Infertility (not being able to get pregnant); and
Long-term pelvic/abdominal pain.

54
Q

(T/F) Syphillis is a bacterial infection

A

True

55
Q

How many stages of syphilis are there? What are they called?

A

Three; Primary, secondary, tertiary

There’s also the latency phase, but it doesn’t count as a stage

56
Q

Describe the first stage of syphilis

A

The first sign of primary syphilis is a painless chancre that develops on the genitalia, anus, or lips or in the oral cavity.

This can help differntiate from different STDs, like Herpes

57
Q

(T/F) If left untreated, the chancres will heal on it’s own

A

True, it will heal in six weeks

58
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed in the first stage (primary)?

A

By identifying the spirochete on dark-field microscopy in material scraped from the base of the chancre. A serologic test is generally negative in the primary stage.

59
Q

How long after the first stage of syphilis does it progress to the second stage?

A

2 months (8 weeks)

60
Q

Describe the secondary phase of syphilis

A

Enlargement of the spleen and liver, headache, anorexia, and a generalized maculopapular (raised and flat) skin rash. Skin eruptions, resembling warts, develop on the vulva during this time. They contain numerous spirochetes and are highly contagious. Serologic tests are generally positive at this time.

61
Q

How long can the latency phase last?

A

Several years

62
Q

Describe the tertiary phase

A

Can involve the heart, blood vessels, and central nervous system. General paralysis and psychosis may result.

63
Q

What tests are used to diagnose syphilis?

A

Identification of the spirochete in material scraped from a chancre and serology (examination of blood serum)

64
Q

What medicine is used to treat syphilis?

There are 4

A

**The best treatment for all stages of syphilis is with parenteral penicillin G. **
Ceftriaxone and doxycycline are second options for people who cannot take penicillin.
Tetracycline can be given to women who are not pregnant.

Know this one the most

65
Q

(T/F) Syphilis is treatable

A

True

66
Q

What is herpes caused by?

A

The herpes simplex virus (HSV)

67
Q

What are the two types of HSV? Distinct characteristics?

A

HSV2 usually causes genital lesions and HSV1 usually causes oral-pharyngeal infection

68
Q

(T/F) Syphilis can be passed through the blood

A

True

69
Q

How does syphilis affect pregnancy?

A

Can lead to a low-birth-weight-baby. It can make it more likely you will deliver your baby too early or stillborn (a baby born dead).

70
Q

(T/F) Syphilis can be spread to an unborn baby/baby in the stomach

A

True, since syphilis can be spread through blood it can be given to your baby

71
Q

How many days after primary infection will symptoms of HSV2 (genital herpes) appear?

A

2-12 days

72
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of HSV2?

A

Vesicles (blisters) appear in a characteristic cluster on the vulva, perineum, or perianal area. The lesions of the primary infection cause severe vulvar pain and tenderness as well as dyspareunia (painful intercourse). Lesions can also occur on the cervix or in the vagina.

73
Q

How long does it take for the vesicles of HSV2 to rupture? After forming ulcers, how long does it take for them to heal?

A

1-7 days for vesicles to rupture, 7-10 days for ulcers to heal

The vesicles rupture within 1 to 7 days and form ulcers that take an average of 7 to 10 days to heal.

74
Q

(T/F) Even after the symptoms go away, HSV2 can come back

A

True, even after the virus simply goes dormant in the nerve ganglia and periodically reactivates, particularly in times of stress, fever, and menses.

75
Q

How is HSV2 diagnosed?

A

NAAT, by viral culture of fluid from the vesicle. If there is not a vesicle, blood test.

76
Q

(T/F) Herpes is curable

A

False, there is no cure for Herpes.

77
Q

What medicine is used for Herpes?

There are three

A

Antiviral drugs acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir help reduce or suppress symptoms, shedding, and recurrent episodes

78
Q

Can you have sex with HSV2?

A

Never have sex when lesions or ulcers are present

The rest is up to the patient and their partner.

79
Q

How does HSV2 affect pregnancy and the baby?

A

May lead to miscarriage or make it more likely to deliver your baby too early.

If you have signs or symptoms of genital herpes at delivery, a ‘C-section’ is likely to occur.

80
Q

(T/F) You can pass herpes to your unborn child before birth

A

True, you can pass herpes to your unborn child before birth, but it more commonly passes during delivery.

81
Q

(T/F) HPV is a virus

A

True, human papillomavirus

82
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of HPV?

A

Dry, wart-like growths may be small, discrete, and asymptomatic, or they may cluster and resemble cauliflower. Common sites include the vagina, labia, cervix, and perineal area.

These warts are called Condylomata acuminata

83
Q

(T/F) HPV can go away on its own

A

True, HPV can go away within 2 years

84
Q

What cancer is HPV associated with?

A

Cervical cancer

85
Q

How is HPV diagnosed?

A

Colposcopy

86
Q

(T/F) Women with HPV should get Pap smears more often

A

True, to detect cervical dysplasia (abnormal tissue development).

87
Q

(T/F) HPV is curable

A

False, while there is treatment for the warts/symptoms, the virus still remains

88
Q

(T/F) The goal of treatment for HPV is the remove the warts?

A

True, as the warts easily transmit the virus back and forth between sexual partners

89
Q

What are treatments used for HPV warts?

A

Topical treatments, applied by women, like podofilox solution or gel, imiquimod cream, and sinecatechins ointment. Treatments by the healthcare provider may include application of podophyllin gel, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), or bichloracetic acid (BCA) to warts.

90
Q

When can you have sex again with HPV?

A

Sexual contact should be avoided until all lesions are healed, and condom use is recommended to reduce transmission.

91
Q

(T/F) HPV has a vaccine

A

True, HPV has two vaccines

92
Q

What ages should people get the HPV vaccine? How many doses are there of the vaccine?

A

Aged 9 to 26 years using a total of three doses

93
Q

What is the timeframe for HPV vaccines?

A

6-12 months apart

94
Q

Who should not get the HPV vaccine?

There are 3

A

They have ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction to any ingredient of an HPV vaccine, or to a previous dose of HPV vaccine.
They have an allergy to yeast (Gardasil and Gardasil 9).
They are pregnant

95
Q

What STDs are associated with HIV?

There are 3

A

Syphilis, gonorrhea, herpes

96
Q

What are symptoms of HIV and when do they appear?

A

Within 2-4 weeks after infection, flu-like symptoms

97
Q

What are the stages of HIV?

There are 3

A

Acute HIV infection
Chronic HIV infection
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

98
Q

(T/F) You need express consent to do a HIV test

A

False, consent is inferred unless patient verbally declines testing

Fertility/Infertility, STDs (3 decks)

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