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STD's > STD's > Flashcards

STD's Flashcards

1
Q

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

A

AIDS

Immunodeficiency disorders in which human immunodeficiency virus uses T4 (CD4) cells as a receptor and reservoir for HIV

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2
Q

Transmission of HIV/AIDS

A

Blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk

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3
Q

S/S of HIV

A

Flu-like symptoms
Think SEROCONVERSION (process of converting HIV neg to HIV pos) takes approx. 3 weeks to 6 months
Early s/s: fever, night sweats, and weight loss

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4
Q

CD4 count for AIDS

A

<200 cells and/or the presence of an opportunistic infection

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5
Q

Labs/diagnostics of HIV/AIDS

A

ELISA for initial – 99.9% sensitive
Western blot for confirmatory
Absolute CD4 lymphocyte count (normal >800)
Risk of progression to AIDS is high when <20% CD4 count
Viral Load: PCR (results correlate closely with progression of HIV) Ideally should be zero or undetectable

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6
Q

Management of AIDS/HIV

A

Therapy for opportunistic infections: Bactrim for pneumocystis jirovecii prophy
Antiretroviral tx: combo therapy is standard
(AART)
When to start AART is somewhat controversial–CDC recommends starting meds at time of HIV+ diagnosis

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7
Q

Chancriod

A

Hemophilus ducreyi, a gram - bacillus
Well established as co-factor for HIV transmission
10% of pts are also infected w/ syphilis or HIV

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8
Q

S/S of chancroid

A

Women usually asymptomatic

Men: single or multiple superficial, painful ulcer, surrounded by erythematous HALO

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9
Q

Diagnosis of chancroid

A

Definitive diagnosis of chancroid if made morphologically

Hard to diagnose– probable diagnosis usually made by matter of exclusion

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10
Q

Sensitivity

A

the degree to which those who HAVE the disease test POSITIVE

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11
Q

Specificity

A

the degree to which those who do NOT have the disease test NEGATIVE

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12
Q

Tx of chancroid

A

Azithromycin 1gm PO x1
Ceftriaxone 250mg IM x1
Ciprofloxacin 500mg PO 2x daily x3days

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13
Q

Chlamydia

A

A PARASITIC std caused by Chlamydia trachomatis that produces serious reproductive tract complications
Most common STD in the US

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14
Q

S/S of chlamydia

A

Often asymptomatic
Females: dysuria, intramenstrual spotting, postcoital bleeding, dysparenuria, vaginal d/c
Males: dysura, thick cloudy penile d/c, testicular pain

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15
Q

Diagnostics of chlamydia

A

Chlamydia culture

EIA methods preferred

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16
Q

Treatment of chlamydia

A

Azithromycin 1gm PO x1

Doxycyline 100mg PO BID x7 days

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17
Q

Genital Warts

A

Condyloma acuminate
caused by HPV
most common VIRAL STD in the US

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18
Q

S/S genital warts

A

Single or multiple soft, fleshy, papillary, or sessile, painless keratinized growth around anus, vulvovaginal area, penis, urethra or perineum

19
Q

Diagnosis of genital warts

A

Clinical presentation
ASCUS or squamous intraepithelial lesion on PAP
Colposcopy useful in diagnosing flat lesions

20
Q

Tx of genital warts

A

Keratolytic agents: Podophyllin, trichloracetic acid (TCA), or bichloracetic acid

21
Q

Prevention of HPV

A

Gardasil–indicated for ages 9-26

Cervarix– indicated for females ages 10-25 years

22
Q

Gonorrhea

A

A bacterial STD caused by Neisseria Gonorrhoeae, causative organism may be cultured from the GU tract, oropharynx and/or anorectum
Leading cause of infertility in women
Male to female transmission 80-90% after exposure

23
Q

S/S of gonorrhea

A 
Often asymptomatic 
Dysuria
frequency
mucopurulent vaginal d/c
labial pain/swelling
lower abd pain
fever
abnormal menstrual cycle
testicular pain
24
Q

Diagnostics of gonorrhea

A

Gram stain of d/c smear shows gm neg diplococci and WBC

Cervical culture

25
Q

Tx of gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM x1

+ Azithromycin 1gm orally x1 for chlamydia coverage

26
Q

Hepatitis B

A

Hep B vaccine given at 0, 1 and 6 months
Supportive and symptomatic care
Hep B immune globulin 0.06 ml/kg IM in single dose within 14 days of exposure

27
Q

Herpes

A

A recurrent viral STD with no cure, associated w/ painful lesions

28
Q

HSV 1

A

associated with infection of the lips, face and mucosa

29
Q

HSV 2

A

Genetalia

30
Q

S/S of HSV

A

Initial: fever, malaise, dysuria, painful/pruritic ulcers for usually 12 days
Recurrent: less painful/pruritic ulcers for usually 5 days

31
Q

Labs for HSV

A

Papanicolaou or Tzanck stain

Most definitive= viral culture

32
Q

Management of HSV

A

No treatment for cure
Symptomatic treatment
Acyclovir recommended
Valacyclovir– asymptomatic viral shedding of HSV 2

33
Q

Lymphogranuloma Verereum (LGV)

A

Immunotypes L1, L2, L3 of Chlamydia

34
Q

S/S of LGV

A

2-3mm painless vesicle, bubo or non-indurated ulcer
Regional adenopathy follows in approx one month and it the most common finding
May be confused with chancroid

35
Q

Tx of LGV

A

Doxy 100 mg PO BID x21 days

36
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum

A

Molluscum Contagiosum virus

Occurs infrequently about 1 for every 100 cares of GC

37
Q

S/S of MC

A

Lesions are 1-5mm, smooth, rounded, firm, shiny, fleshcolored to pearly white papules
trunk and anogenital region

38
Q

Syphilis

A

STD involving multiple organ systems

Treponema Pallidum

39
Q

Primary stage of Syphilis

A

Chancre is painless
Indurated ulcer
Located at site of exposure

40
Q

Secondary stage of syphilis

A

Flu-like symptoms
Rash on palmar and plantar surfaces
lymphadenopathy
malaise, anorexia, alopecia

41
Q

Latent stage of syphilis

A

Seropositive but asymptomatic

42
Q

Tertiary stage of syphilis

A 
Leukoplakia
Cardiac issues
aortic aneurysm
meningitis
hemiparesis
hemiplegia
43
Q

Serologic tests of syphilis

A

Nontreponemal: VDRL/RPR

44
Q

Tx of syphilis

A

Primary, secondary or early syphilis of less than 1 year duration= Benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units IM
Late, latent, and indeterminate length, tertiary stage= benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units IM
Penicillin allergic= doxy, erythromycin

STD's (1 decks)

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