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STD Quiz > STD > Flashcards

STD Flashcards

1
Q

Disorder

A

lack of normal functioning of physical or mental processes

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2
Q

Disease

A

a disorder of structure of function

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3
Q

Types of Diseases

A

Infectious (caused by microorganisms) and non-infectious

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4
Q

Sexually Transmitted Disease Definition

A

a disease caused by infection GENERALLY acquired by sexual contact

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5
Q

Why do we say “generally” in the definition

A

Because they can be passed other ways but sexually is the most common

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6
Q

What type of disease are STDs?

A

Infectiou

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7
Q

Difference between STD and STI?

A

Depends on who you ask!

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8
Q

What i the mot common difference between STDs and STIs?

A

Most commonly they are used interchangeablly

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9
Q

Why did we switch to STIs?

A

Because we didn’t like the word disease

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10
Q

Difference Between STD and STI is because STIs are ___ and STDs are ___

A

STI = Treatable (Chlamydia) STD = Requires ongoing management (HIV or HSV)

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11
Q

Reason why STD and STI are different is because STI are ___ and STDs are ___

A

STI = active infection where disease is not present
STD = Diseases that result from infection
(HIV and Chlamydia could both be considered either depending on present symptoms)

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12
Q

How are STDs transmitted?

A

May pas from peron to person in blood, semen. or vaginal and other boldily fluids

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13
Q

In what ways can these infections be transmitted nonsexually?

A

From mother to their infant during pregnancy or childbirth and through blood transfuions or shared needles

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14
Q

Bacterial STDs include

A

Chancroid, Chlamydia, Donovanosis, Gonnorhea, LGV, Mycoplasma Genitalium, PID, Syphilis

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15
Q

Viral STDs include

A

HIV, HSV 1&2, HPV, Hepatitis

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16
Q

Parasitic STD include

A

Intestinal Parasite, Pubic lice, scabies, tricomoniasis

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17
Q

Fungal STD include

A

Candidiasis (type of yeast infection)

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18
Q

Most common STDs are

A

HPV, Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Herpes, Trichomoniasis

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19
Q

Chlamydia is…

A

the most commonly reported STD in US, there are about 3 million cases each year, and is the most common cause of blindness worldwide

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20
Q

Chlamydia is caused by the pathogen:

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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21
Q

Chlamydia is transmitted:

A

Semen or vaginal fluids, mother to child during birth, and eyes and moth may become infected

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22
Q

Can Chlamydia be asymptomatic?

A

YES! (reason why infection rate is so high)

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23
Q

What are the symptoms of Chlamydia?

A

Painful ejaculation, burning while urinating, testicular swelling, vaginal bleeding, unnatural discharge, and infertility

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24
Q

Treatment for Chlamydia:

A

Antibiotics and will resolve one to two week after first dose

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25
Q

What can happen if it it is left untreated?

A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

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26
Q

Why is a serotype?

A

Strains

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27
Q

What is a subset of Chlamydia?

A

Trachoma and LGV (caused by the same pathogen but are different serotypes)

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28
Q

What is Trachoma?

A

Chronic conjunctivitis, blindness, and is mostly found in Africa

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29
Q

What is Lymphogranoloma Venereum?

A

LGV, a poinless ulcer, and primarily affects lymph nodes

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30
Q

Gonorrhea Pathogen:

A

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

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31
Q

Gonorrhea Transmission:

A

semen, vaginal fluids, mother to baby during birth

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32
Q

How many people get symptoms of Gonorrhoea?

A

1 in 10 males and about 1 in 2 females don’t experience symptoms

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33
Q

Symptoms of Gonorrhea:

A

Thick green or yellow discharge, swelling or redness, painful urination, fever, rectal or throat infection, and infertility

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34
Q

Treatment of Gonorrhea:

A

Single antibiotic injection (more likely to have a re-infection rather than persistence of first injection

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35
Q

What can happen if left untreated?

A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

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36
Q

What is Super Gonorrhea?

A

After the bacteria of Gonorrhea has become drug resistant

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37
Q

Pathogen for Syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

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38
Q

Nickname for Syphili

A

“The Great Imitator”

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39
Q

Why is it called the great imitator

A

bacteria travels throughout the blood stream and can infect any organ

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40
Q

History of Syphilis

A

Epidemic began 15th-16th centry, but origin of epidemic is disputed
Early 1900s, the guy who treated Syphilis with Malaria won a nobel prize for it
1930-1970: Tuskegee Experiment
Today, there are fewer than 200,000 cases per year (US)

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41
Q

How is syphillis transmitted?

A

You only need about 10 microbes to become infected (typically you need 50), highly infectious, semen or vaginal fluid, direct contact with sores, mother to child during pregnancy or birth

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42
Q

Symptoms of Sphilis

A

Painless open sores, rash on hands or feet (largely is dependent on which organs are affected

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43
Q

Treatment of Syphilis

A

Penicilin

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44
Q

What is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

A

Infection of uterus and fallopian tubes, condition that progresses from leaving STDs untreated

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45
Q

Symptoms of PID

A

Chronic pelvic pain, scarring, pus, bacteria build-up, green or yellow discharge, infertility

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46
Q

Risk Factors of PID

A

Previous history of STDs, under age of 25, multiple partners, IUD-infection upon placement

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47
Q

Can males get PID?

A

No, males get most likely experience urethritis if STD is left untreated

48
Q

Honorable Mentions for Bacterial STDs

A

Mycoplasma genitalium, and bacterial vaginosis

49
Q

What does HPV stand for?

A

Human Papillomavirus

50
Q

What causes Human Papillomavirus?

A

groups of viruses that infect epithelial cells, there are undred of subtypes with several types for each, its 420 million years old, and affects most animals

51
Q

Characterizations of HPV

A

warts on various parts of the body

52
Q

Is HPV the most common STD in the US?

A

Yes! About 3 million cases each year

53
Q

Transmission of HPV?

A

Skin to skin contact, enters through small cuts and infects basal cell layer

54
Q

HPV presentation

A

Genital wart, common warts (hands, feet, etc), and cancer

55
Q

How does cervical cancer occur?

A

Only with the presence of HPV

56
Q

What cancer’s are associated with HPV?

A

Vaginal, penial, and lymphatic but over 90% of the viruses are benign and will completely clear

57
Q

Is there a vaccine for HPV?

A

YES!!!

58
Q

HPV prevention?

A

HPV vaccines currently protect against up to 9 types (typically 16 & 18 causes most HPV cancers)
Recommended that 2 doses of vaccine given age 11-12
Pap smear

59
Q

Treatment of HPV

A

**depends on low or high risk type
Topical medications, electrocautery (electtric current to burn off), crynotherapy (freeze off), in children they often go away on their own, surgery excisions, various cancer treatments

60
Q

How many types does Herpes SImplex Virus have?

A

2

61
Q

What is HSV-1

A

Causes cold sores, mainly transmitted orla to oral but can also lead to genital herpes, about 3.7 billion people under the age of 50 have HSV-1 globally (67% of this pop)

62
Q

What is HSV-2

A

Sexually transmitted infection that causes genital herpes, about 491 million people between 15-49 have HSV-2 (16%(

63
Q

Difference between HSV-1 and HSV-2?

A

Not a whole lot!

64
Q

HSV-1 and 2 are usually identified by

A

the mode of transmission

65
Q

What do HSV 1 and 2 have in common?

A

Both cause oral or genital herpes and the treatment is the same

66
Q

Symptoms of HSV

A

Painful ulcers, fever, chills, headache, fatigue

67
Q

Treatment of HSV

A

Antiviral oral medication (outbreak suppression) and topical medication, however virus may shed without outbreak

68
Q

How many copies of HIV is made everyday?

A

100 billion copies

69
Q

How does HIV work?

A

Infects Cd4, helper T cells (Cd4 cells are responsible for telling other white blood cells to go attack infection)

70
Q

Why can the drugs for HIV not keep up?

A

High virulence and high mutation rate

71
Q

Symptoms of HIV

A

Purple spots/lesions, fever,chills, flu-like symptoms

72
Q

Acute HIV stage symptoms

A

fever, headahce, sore throat, fatigue, muscle pain, sever chilliness

73
Q

Chronic HIV stage symptoms

A

coughing, breathing problems, weight loss, diarrhea, fatigue, rash

74
Q

AIDS HIV stage symptoms

A

continuous fever, night sweat, headache, memory problems, pneumonia

75
Q

What is the incubation for HIV

A

7 days

76
Q

HIV stands for

A

Human innumodeficency virus

77
Q

AIDS stands for

A

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

78
Q

Acute HIV information

A
  • more than 500 Cd4 cells/mL
  • Flu like symptoms in the first 2-4 weeks
79
Q

Chronic HIV information

A
  • Cd4 count between 200-499 cells/mL
  • Virus multiplies at slower rate, but is still active
  • Symptoms may not appear and may last decades
80
Q

AIDS information

A
  • Cd4 count below 200 cells/mL
  • Or AIDS-defining illness
  • Vulnerable to opportunistic infections
81
Q

History of HIV

A
  • Early 1900s: Central Africa, Man hunting chimpanzee cuts himself with knife and HIV is transmitted to humans
  • 1920s: HIV circulates around DRC
  • 1980s: HIV epidemic begins in US
    -1983-1987: researchers in US and France have drama over treatment (money), hospitals refuse treatment to HIV positive people, morgues refuse to take bodies, and schools refuse to admit childrend
  • 1987: 36,000 diagnosed and 20,849 dead in the US, first time after 7 years of presidence that Ronald Regan speaks about AIDS, first treatment - AZT originally developed as cancer drug, $10,000 per treatment
  • 1991: 10 million people affected worldwide, 100,000 people died in the US
    -Early 1990s: 15,000 to 20,000 dead each years US
    -1994 -1996: 30,000 to 45,000 dead each year US
  • 1997: 300,000 dead US, 6.4 million dead worldwide, first antiretroviral treatment, HAART, death rate decreases by 47%
82
Q

HIV -1 is how common?

A

most people have it, seen during US epidemic

83
Q

HIV-2 is how common?

A

mostly confined to west African countries less transmittable

84
Q

Facts about HIV

A

Typically takes 10 years of untreated HIV to progress to AIDS, someone can live with HIV for 3 to 20 years without symptoms , undetectable = untransmittable

85
Q

What is tricomoniasis?

A

Parasitic infection of urethra (and cervix, vagina, and vulva in females) and only 30% of females experience symptoms

86
Q

Pathogen of Tricomoniasis

A

Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoan parasite)

87
Q

Symptoms of Tricomoniasis

A

Foul smelling, white or yellow-green vaginal discharge, “frothy” discharge, spotting or bleeding, burning or itching, redness (rash) or swelling, frequent urge to urinate, symptoms less frequent in males

88
Q

Transmission of Trichomoniasis

A

Genital fluids, mother to child during birth

89
Q

Treatment for Trichomoniasis

A

Antibiotics

90
Q

Complications of Trichomoniasis

A

high risk or getting HIV infection and other STIs, chronic abdominal pain, infertility, fallopian tube blockage due to scars, premature birth in pregnant people

91
Q

What can happen if Trichomoniasis is left untreated?

A

conditions will continue

92
Q

Pathogen of Pubic Lice

A

Crab louse or pthirus pubis (also known as “crabs”

93
Q

Difference between head, body, and crab louse

A

Head louse: skinny, no claws
Body louse: Much bigger (butt is bigger), has hooks
Crab louse: short, fat, and stuby, and has hooks

94
Q

What is the difference between crab louse and hair lice

A

Shorter but wider, cannot hold onto thinner head hairs

95
Q

where can be affected by crab louse?

A

Legs, Chest, armpits, eyelashes & brows, beards, etc.

96
Q

Transmission of Public Lice

A

skin to skin contact, sexual activity, infected towels, blankets, clothes, etc. *cannot live more than 1-2 days without host

97
Q

Treatment of Pubic lice

A

Over-the-counter creams and lotions

98
Q

Complications of Pubic Lice

A

Secondary infections, conjunctivitis w/ facial infection), pale blue skin fron feeding

99
Q

What is scabies?

A

tiny mites that burrow into the skin and lay eggs, causing intense itching and a rash

100
Q

Pathogen for Scabies

A

Sacroptes scabiei (not seen with naked eye)

101
Q

Symptoms of Scabies

A

Itchingess (mostly at night), tunnels of bliters or bumps, most often found in skin folds

102
Q

Where is scabies most commonly found?

A

crowded conditions such as nursing homes, childcare groups, prisons, and refugee camps

103
Q

Transmission of Scabies

A

Skin to skin contact, infected bedding, clothes, etc.

104
Q

Treatment of Scabies

A

medicated cream or pills

105
Q

Where can scabies infect on infants?

A

can be infected on face

106
Q

How are intestinal parasites transmitted?

A

Fecal matter

107
Q

What three intestinal parasites are transmitted sexually?

A

Giardiasis, amebiasis, cryptosporidiosis

108
Q

What kind of STD is Candidiasis?

A

fungal infection

109
Q

What causes Candidiasis?

A

Candida (yeast normally lives on your skin and insie your body without causing harm)

110
Q

Genital Candidiasis

A

typical yeast infection

111
Q

Oropharyngeal Candidiasis

A

mouth infection

112
Q

Invasive Candidiasis

A

Bloodstream infection

113
Q

How are UTIs and Genital yeast infections transmitted?

A

sexual contact

114
Q

Are UTIs and Genital Yeast Infections generally considered STDs?

A

No because sexual contact is not the most common mode of transmission

115
Q

Symptoms of Genital Candidiasis

A

Itching or soreness, general pain, abnormal discharge, cracks in the wall of the vagina

116
Q

Transmission of Genital Candidiasis

A

Direct contact with yeast via genitals or mouth

117
Q

Treatment of Genital Candidiasis

A

Topical or oral antifungal medication

STD Quiz (1 decks)

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