STD Flashcards
1
Q
Disorder
A
lack of normal functioning of physical or mental processes
2
Q
Disease
A
a disorder of structure of function
3
Q
Types of Diseases
A
Infectious (caused by microorganisms) and non-infectious
4
Q
Sexually Transmitted Disease Definition
A
a disease caused by infection GENERALLY acquired by sexual contact
5
Q
Why do we say “generally” in the definition
A
Because they can be passed other ways but sexually is the most common
6
Q
What type of disease are STDs?
A
Infectiou
7
Q
Difference between STD and STI?
A
Depends on who you ask!
8
Q
What i the mot common difference between STDs and STIs?
A
Most commonly they are used interchangeablly
9
Q
Why did we switch to STIs?
A
Because we didn’t like the word disease
10
Q
Difference Between STD and STI is because STIs are ___ and STDs are ___
A
STI = Treatable (Chlamydia) STD = Requires ongoing management (HIV or HSV)
11
Q
Reason why STD and STI are different is because STI are ___ and STDs are ___
A
STI = active infection where disease is not present
STD = Diseases that result from infection
(HIV and Chlamydia could both be considered either depending on present symptoms)
12
Q
How are STDs transmitted?
A
May pas from peron to person in blood, semen. or vaginal and other boldily fluids
13
Q
In what ways can these infections be transmitted nonsexually?
A
From mother to their infant during pregnancy or childbirth and through blood transfuions or shared needles
14
Q
Bacterial STDs include
A
Chancroid, Chlamydia, Donovanosis, Gonnorhea, LGV, Mycoplasma Genitalium, PID, Syphilis
15
Q
Viral STDs include
A
HIV, HSV 1&2, HPV, Hepatitis
16
Q
Parasitic STD include
A
Intestinal Parasite, Pubic lice, scabies, tricomoniasis
17
Q
Fungal STD include
A
Candidiasis (type of yeast infection)
18
Q
Most common STDs are
A
HPV, Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Herpes, Trichomoniasis
19
Q
Chlamydia is…
A
the most commonly reported STD in US, there are about 3 million cases each year, and is the most common cause of blindness worldwide
20
Q
Chlamydia is caused by the pathogen:
A
Chlamydia trachomatis
21
Q
Chlamydia is transmitted:
A
Semen or vaginal fluids, mother to child during birth, and eyes and moth may become infected
22
Q
Can Chlamydia be asymptomatic?
A
YES! (reason why infection rate is so high)
23
Q
What are the symptoms of Chlamydia?
A
Painful ejaculation, burning while urinating, testicular swelling, vaginal bleeding, unnatural discharge, and infertility
24
Q
Treatment for Chlamydia:
A
Antibiotics and will resolve one to two week after first dose
25
What can happen if it it is left untreated?
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
26
Why is a serotype?
Strains
27
What is a subset of Chlamydia?
Trachoma and LGV (caused by the same pathogen but are different serotypes)
28
What is Trachoma?
Chronic conjunctivitis, blindness, and is mostly found in Africa
29
What is Lymphogranoloma Venereum?
LGV, a poinless ulcer, and primarily affects lymph nodes
30
Gonorrhea Pathogen:
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
31
Gonorrhea Transmission:
semen, vaginal fluids, mother to baby during birth
32
How many people get symptoms of Gonorrhoea?
1 in 10 males and about 1 in 2 females don't experience symptoms
33
Symptoms of Gonorrhea:
Thick green or yellow discharge, swelling or redness, painful urination, fever, rectal or throat infection, and infertility
34
Treatment of Gonorrhea:
Single antibiotic injection (more likely to have a re-infection rather than persistence of first injection
35
What can happen if left untreated?
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
36
What is Super Gonorrhea?
After the bacteria of Gonorrhea has become drug resistant
37
Pathogen for Syphilis
Treponema pallidum
38
Nickname for Syphili
"The Great Imitator"
39
Why is it called the great imitator
bacteria travels throughout the blood stream and can infect any organ
40
History of Syphilis
Epidemic began 15th-16th centry, but origin of epidemic is disputed
Early 1900s, the guy who treated Syphilis with Malaria won a nobel prize for it
1930-1970: Tuskegee Experiment
Today, there are fewer than 200,000 cases per year (US)
41
How is syphillis transmitted?
You only need about 10 microbes to become infected (typically you need 50), highly infectious, semen or vaginal fluid, direct contact with sores, mother to child during pregnancy or birth
42
Symptoms of Sphilis
Painless open sores, rash on hands or feet (largely is dependent on which organs are affected
43
Treatment of Syphilis
Penicilin
44
What is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Infection of uterus and fallopian tubes, condition that progresses from leaving STDs untreated
45
Symptoms of PID
Chronic pelvic pain, scarring, pus, bacteria build-up, green or yellow discharge, infertility
46
Risk Factors of PID
Previous history of STDs, under age of 25, multiple partners, IUD-infection upon placement
47
Can males get PID?
No, males get most likely experience urethritis if STD is left untreated
48
Honorable Mentions for Bacterial STDs
Mycoplasma genitalium, and bacterial vaginosis
49
What does HPV stand for?
Human Papillomavirus
50
What causes Human Papillomavirus?
groups of viruses that infect epithelial cells, there are undred of subtypes with several types for each, its 420 million years old, and affects most animals
51
Characterizations of HPV
warts on various parts of the body
52
Is HPV the most common STD in the US?
Yes! About 3 million cases each year
53
Transmission of HPV?
Skin to skin contact, enters through small cuts and infects basal cell layer
54
HPV presentation
Genital wart, common warts (hands, feet, etc), and cancer
55
How does cervical cancer occur?
Only with the presence of HPV
56
What cancer's are associated with HPV?
Vaginal, penial, and lymphatic but over 90% of the viruses are benign and will completely clear
57
Is there a vaccine for HPV?
YES!!!
58
HPV prevention?
HPV vaccines currently protect against up to 9 types (typically 16 & 18 causes most HPV cancers)
Recommended that 2 doses of vaccine given age 11-12
Pap smear
59
Treatment of HPV
**depends on low or high risk type
Topical medications, electrocautery (electtric current to burn off), crynotherapy (freeze off), in children they often go away on their own, surgery excisions, various cancer treatments
60
How many types does Herpes SImplex Virus have?
2
61
What is HSV-1
Causes cold sores, mainly transmitted orla to oral but can also lead to genital herpes, about 3.7 billion people under the age of 50 have HSV-1 globally (67% of this pop)
62
What is HSV-2
Sexually transmitted infection that causes genital herpes, about 491 million people between 15-49 have HSV-2 (16%(
63
Difference between HSV-1 and HSV-2?
Not a whole lot!
64
HSV-1 and 2 are usually identified by
the mode of transmission
65
What do HSV 1 and 2 have in common?
Both cause oral or genital herpes and the treatment is the same
66
Symptoms of HSV
Painful ulcers, fever, chills, headache, fatigue
67
Treatment of HSV
Antiviral oral medication (outbreak suppression) and topical medication, however virus may shed without outbreak
68
How many copies of HIV is made everyday?
100 billion copies
69
How does HIV work?
Infects Cd4, helper T cells (Cd4 cells are responsible for telling other white blood cells to go attack infection)
70
Why can the drugs for HIV not keep up?
High virulence and high mutation rate
71
Symptoms of HIV
Purple spots/lesions, fever,chills, flu-like symptoms
72
Acute HIV stage symptoms
fever, headahce, sore throat, fatigue, muscle pain, sever chilliness
73
Chronic HIV stage symptoms
coughing, breathing problems, weight loss, diarrhea, fatigue, rash
74
AIDS HIV stage symptoms
continuous fever, night sweat, headache, memory problems, pneumonia
75
What is the incubation for HIV
7 days
76
HIV stands for
Human innumodeficency virus
77
AIDS stands for
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
78
Acute HIV information
- more than 500 Cd4 cells/mL
- Flu like symptoms in the first 2-4 weeks
79
Chronic HIV information
- Cd4 count between 200-499 cells/mL
- Virus multiplies at slower rate, but is still active
- Symptoms may not appear and may last decades
80
AIDS information
- Cd4 count below 200 cells/mL
- Or AIDS-defining illness
- Vulnerable to opportunistic infections
81
History of HIV
- Early 1900s: Central Africa, Man hunting chimpanzee cuts himself with knife and HIV is transmitted to humans
- 1920s: HIV circulates around DRC
- 1980s: HIV epidemic begins in US
-1983-1987: researchers in US and France have drama over treatment (money), hospitals refuse treatment to HIV positive people, morgues refuse to take bodies, and schools refuse to admit childrend
- 1987: 36,000 diagnosed and 20,849 dead in the US, first time after 7 years of presidence that Ronald Regan speaks about AIDS, first treatment - AZT originally developed as cancer drug, $10,000 per treatment
- 1991: 10 million people affected worldwide, 100,000 people died in the US
-Early 1990s: 15,000 to 20,000 dead each years US
-1994 -1996: 30,000 to 45,000 dead each year US
- 1997: 300,000 dead US, 6.4 million dead worldwide, first antiretroviral treatment, HAART, death rate decreases by 47%
82
HIV -1 is how common?
most people have it, seen during US epidemic
83
HIV-2 is how common?
mostly confined to west African countries less transmittable
84
Facts about HIV
Typically takes 10 years of untreated HIV to progress to AIDS, someone can live with HIV for 3 to 20 years without symptoms , undetectable = untransmittable
85
What is tricomoniasis?
Parasitic infection of urethra (and cervix, vagina, and vulva in females) and only 30% of females experience symptoms
86
Pathogen of Tricomoniasis
Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoan parasite)
87
Symptoms of Tricomoniasis
Foul smelling, white or yellow-green vaginal discharge, "frothy" discharge, spotting or bleeding, burning or itching, redness (rash) or swelling, frequent urge to urinate, symptoms less frequent in males
88
Transmission of Trichomoniasis
Genital fluids, mother to child during birth
89
Treatment for Trichomoniasis
Antibiotics
90
Complications of Trichomoniasis
high risk or getting HIV infection and other STIs, chronic abdominal pain, infertility, fallopian tube blockage due to scars, premature birth in pregnant people
91
What can happen if Trichomoniasis is left untreated?
conditions will continue
92
Pathogen of Pubic Lice
Crab louse or pthirus pubis (also known as "crabs"
93
Difference between head, body, and crab louse
Head louse: skinny, no claws
Body louse: Much bigger (butt is bigger), has hooks
Crab louse: short, fat, and stuby, and has hooks
94
What is the difference between crab louse and hair lice
Shorter but wider, cannot hold onto thinner head hairs
95
where can be affected by crab louse?
Legs, Chest, armpits, eyelashes & brows, beards, etc.
96
Transmission of Public Lice
skin to skin contact, sexual activity, infected towels, blankets, clothes, etc. *cannot live more than 1-2 days without host
97
Treatment of Pubic lice
Over-the-counter creams and lotions
98
Complications of Pubic Lice
Secondary infections, conjunctivitis w/ facial infection), pale blue skin fron feeding
99
What is scabies?
tiny mites that burrow into the skin and lay eggs, causing intense itching and a rash
100
Pathogen for Scabies
Sacroptes scabiei (not seen with naked eye)
101
Symptoms of Scabies
Itchingess (mostly at night), tunnels of bliters or bumps, most often found in skin folds
102
Where is scabies most commonly found?
crowded conditions such as nursing homes, childcare groups, prisons, and refugee camps
103
Transmission of Scabies
Skin to skin contact, infected bedding, clothes, etc.
104
Treatment of Scabies
medicated cream or pills
105
Where can scabies infect on infants?
can be infected on face
106
How are intestinal parasites transmitted?
Fecal matter
107
What three intestinal parasites are transmitted sexually?
Giardiasis, amebiasis, cryptosporidiosis
108
What kind of STD is Candidiasis?
fungal infection
109
What causes Candidiasis?
Candida (yeast normally lives on your skin and insie your body without causing harm)
110
Genital Candidiasis
typical yeast infection
111
Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
mouth infection
112
Invasive Candidiasis
Bloodstream infection
113
How are UTIs and Genital yeast infections transmitted?
sexual contact
114
Are UTIs and Genital Yeast Infections generally considered STDs?
No because sexual contact is not the most common mode of transmission
115
Symptoms of Genital Candidiasis
Itching or soreness, general pain, abnormal discharge, cracks in the wall of the vagina
116
Transmission of Genital Candidiasis
Direct contact with yeast via genitals or mouth
117
Treatment of Genital Candidiasis
Topical or oral antifungal medication
