Stautinger Book LO's Flashcards

1
Q

What do Nucleoside Inhibitors do

A

Bind to the growing DNA strand and act as chain terminators; stopping viral DNA polymerase

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2
Q

What are Nucleoside Inhibitors

A

Bind to DNA polymerase but lack a free 3’-OH group, so DNA synthesis is stopped

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3
Q

What uses ATP to unwind DNA

A

DNA Helicase

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4
Q

What are Topoisomerase Inhibitors

A

Used to inhibit topoisomerase, cause DNA super coiling, single and double strand breaks, harms the integrity of the genome, leads to apoptosis and cancer cell death

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5
Q

What is Irinotecan

A

Topoisomerase 1 inhibitor

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6
Q

What is Irinotecan used in

A

Colorectal cancer

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7
Q

What is Etoposide

A

Topoisomerase 2 Inhibitor

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8
Q

What happens with Etoposide

A

Causes secondary leukemia

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9
Q

What is it called when the purine base is removed from Adenine or Guanine

A

Depurination

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10
Q

What is it called when the Amine group is removed from Pyrmidines

A

De-Amination, resulting in the formation of Hypoxanthine, Xanthine, and Uracil

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11
Q

What does Non-Ionizing radiation cause

A

Covalent linkage between two adjacet Pyrmidines

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12
Q

What kind of covalent linkage does Non-Ionizing radiation cause

A

Pyrmidine Cyclobutane Dimers
and
6-4 covalent linkage of pyrmidine dimers

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13
Q

What is Hereditary Nonpolyposis colorectal cancer influenced by

A

Mutations in the MER complex in one allele increases the chance

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14
Q

What happens when there is a mutation in the MER complex that is acquired along with hereditarial passed on

A

Renders the MER system non-functional allowing tumor development

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15
Q

What is Xeroderma Pigmentosum

A

Inherited Disease, defect of the XP proteins in the NER Complex.

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16
Q

How does Xeroderma Pigmentosum present

A

Patients have very photosensitive skin and have a higher risk of developing melanoma and squamos cell carcinomas

17
Q

What kind of radiation causes the defect in Xeroderma Pigmentosum

A

Non-Ioning radiation from the sun, leading to cyclobutane thymine dimers

18
Q

What is Cockayne syndrome

A

rare autosomal recessive disorder with mutant genes ERCC 6 and ERCC 8

19
Q

What do the genes ERCC 6 and ERCC 8 have to do within the cell

A

Code for proteins that are in the TCR of DNA

20
Q

How does Cockayne syndrome present

A

With developmental and neurological delay, photo sensitivity, and progeria

21
Q

What does a mutation in the BRCA genes cause

A

An increased risk of breast cancer

22
Q

What are the BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes

A

They code for cancer supressors

23
Q

What is increased in a BRCA 1 mutation

A

Cervical, uterine, pancreatic and colon cancer in women

Pancreatic, testicular, and early prostate cancer in men

24
Q

What is increased in a BRCA 2 mutation

A

Increased risk of melanoma, pancreatic, stomach, gallbladder, and bile duct cancer in women

25
Q

How are Thymine Dimers fixed

A

With photolyase and the use of visible light

26
Q

How are Thyime Dimers made

A

UV-Radiation of the sun