Stautinger Book LO's Flashcards
What do Nucleoside Inhibitors do
Bind to the growing DNA strand and act as chain terminators; stopping viral DNA polymerase
What are Nucleoside Inhibitors
Bind to DNA polymerase but lack a free 3’-OH group, so DNA synthesis is stopped
What uses ATP to unwind DNA
DNA Helicase
What are Topoisomerase Inhibitors
Used to inhibit topoisomerase, cause DNA super coiling, single and double strand breaks, harms the integrity of the genome, leads to apoptosis and cancer cell death
What is Irinotecan
Topoisomerase 1 inhibitor
What is Irinotecan used in
Colorectal cancer
What is Etoposide
Topoisomerase 2 Inhibitor
What happens with Etoposide
Causes secondary leukemia
What is it called when the purine base is removed from Adenine or Guanine
Depurination
What is it called when the Amine group is removed from Pyrmidines
De-Amination, resulting in the formation of Hypoxanthine, Xanthine, and Uracil
What does Non-Ionizing radiation cause
Covalent linkage between two adjacet Pyrmidines
What kind of covalent linkage does Non-Ionizing radiation cause
Pyrmidine Cyclobutane Dimers
and
6-4 covalent linkage of pyrmidine dimers
What is Hereditary Nonpolyposis colorectal cancer influenced by
Mutations in the MER complex in one allele increases the chance
What happens when there is a mutation in the MER complex that is acquired along with hereditarial passed on
Renders the MER system non-functional allowing tumor development
What is Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Inherited Disease, defect of the XP proteins in the NER Complex.
How does Xeroderma Pigmentosum present
Patients have very photosensitive skin and have a higher risk of developing melanoma and squamos cell carcinomas
What kind of radiation causes the defect in Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Non-Ioning radiation from the sun, leading to cyclobutane thymine dimers
What is Cockayne syndrome
rare autosomal recessive disorder with mutant genes ERCC 6 and ERCC 8
What do the genes ERCC 6 and ERCC 8 have to do within the cell
Code for proteins that are in the TCR of DNA
How does Cockayne syndrome present
With developmental and neurological delay, photo sensitivity, and progeria
What does a mutation in the BRCA genes cause
An increased risk of breast cancer
What are the BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes
They code for cancer supressors
What is increased in a BRCA 1 mutation
Cervical, uterine, pancreatic and colon cancer in women
Pancreatic, testicular, and early prostate cancer in men
What is increased in a BRCA 2 mutation
Increased risk of melanoma, pancreatic, stomach, gallbladder, and bile duct cancer in women
How are Thymine Dimers fixed
With photolyase and the use of visible light
How are Thyime Dimers made
UV-Radiation of the sun
