Status and Exclusion

Question 1

Who proved that loneliness and health appear to be linked?

Answer 1

Baumeister et al. 2005

Question 2

What is social exclusion?

Answer 2

not being chosen by anyone in a group, getting bogus feedback that one will be alone in life

Question 3

Dependent measures on social exclusion

Answer 3

• drinking bad tasting but healthy beverage
• impulsively eating cookies
• persistence in face of failure
• attention control-dichotic listening

Question 4

Further effects of social exclusion:

Answer 4

• declines IQ
• impairs executive function e.g. logical reasoning and problem solving
• impulsive behaviour in social interactions

Question 5

Baumeister’s conclusion was that social exclusion impairs what?

Answer 5

impairs self control in favour of immediate goals and cognitive function

Question 6

How do people cope with social exclusion?

Answer 6

• Increases perceptual sensitivity; they are more sensitive to things and people around them. They can tell straight away whether someone is upset.
• enhances memory related to affiliation; they remember these things pretty well (Gardner, Picket and Brewer 2000)
• rejected individuals recall more inter personal and collective events and less events about themselves.
• Because social exclusion leads switching on the pain system, pain killers vs placebos can reduce social hurt

Question 7

Guinote, Brown and Friske 2006 did an experiment on social exclusion between minority and majority groups. 80% of people have one style and 20% had another style- as told by the experimenters; the participants were then asked to discuss openly about other group members. What was the result?

Answer 7

• minority reported feeling less influential during the discussion
• minority showed greater effort in trying to understand others
• dispositional attributions vs factual focus
• social exclusion leads to attempts to reconnect.
• social relations become priority, as seen in social attention and memory studies
• social exclusion impairs cognition function and decrease wellbeing

Question 8

Let’s talk about stereotypes, minority and social exclusion. Stereotype threat is a disruptive concern. When facing a stereotype, what is likely to happen to a person?

Answer 8

• become fearful that one will verify the stereotype
• long term internalisation of inferiority
• damage to self esteem

Question 9

Study on GRE verbal between European Americans and African Americans. The study was divided into three conditions: threat, non threat and challenging. What was the result?

Answer 9

• Participants who were told that they will be monitored (threat) did worse, as they knew they were being recorded and assessed. Stereotype can impair intellectual test performance of AA students.
• Participants who were told that they were just familiarising with the exam did better as they were under no threat.
• Hence, Lifting stereotype threats dramatically improves performance.
• The fear of confirming a stereotype induces emotions and though processes that are detrimental to performances.

Question 10

Who studied the effects of money on social connections?

Answer 10

Zhou et al. 2009

Question 11

Describe the money vs social connections study and state the result

Answer 11

• Ps being chosen to work alone.
  They were then asked, how many pleasant things would they forego in exchange for money?
• result: excluded participants gave more up for money

Question 12

Dunn et al. 2004 proposed that people who gave up money to spend on others were happier than those who spend on themselves. True or false?

Answer 12

True.