stats2 Flashcards
distribution
The values that appear in a sample and the frequency of each.
histogram
A mapping from values to frequencies, or a graph that shows this mapping.
frequency
The number of times a value appears in a sample.
mode
The most frequent value in a sample, or one of the most frequent values.
normal distribution
An idealization of a bell-shaped distribution; also known as a Gaussian distribution.
uniform distribution
A distribution in which all values have the same frequency.
tail
The part of a distribution at the high and low extremes.
central tendency
A characteristic of a sample or population; intuitively, it is an average or typical value.
outlier
A value far from the central tendency.
spread
A measure of how spread out the values in a distribution are.
summary statistic
A statistic that quantifies some aspect of a distribution, like central tendency or spread.
variance
A summary statistic often used to quantify spread.
standard deviation
The square root of variance, also used as a measure of spread.
effect size
A summary statistic intended to quantify the size of an effect like a difference between groups.
clinically significant
A result, like a difference between groups, that is relevant in practice.
