stats test 1 unit 3 Populations, Samples, and Sampling

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

the complete collection of everything that we might we wish study

Question 2

Sample Frame

Answer 2

the complete listing of the entire population (member by member list)

Question 3

Sample Unit

Answer 3

any single member from the population

Question 4

Sample

Answer 4

any collection of any number of members obtained from the population

Question 5

Sample Size

Answer 5

the number of members from the population who are in the sample (usually designed by the lower case letter “n”)

Question 6

Census

Answer 6

a sample that contains all members of the population

Question 7

Statistic

Answer 7

any information obtained from the sample (s for statistic goes with s for sample

Question 8

Parameter

Answer 8

any information obtained from the population (p for parameter goes with p for population)

Question 9

Sampling

Answer 9

the science of selecting a subset (sample) of the population from all of the members of the population

Question 10

Estimate -

Answer 10

a statistical word which actually is best translated as guess (e.g., we use sample statistics to estimate population parameters or we use statistics to make guesses about parameters)

Question 11

Random

Answer 11

means two important things; first that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected into the sample; and second, it means without bias

Question 12

Bias

Answer 12

systematic error or systematic mistakes

Question 13

Simple Random Sampling

Answer 13

it is our goal to select members from the population in a manner such that the following conditions are met; (1) each member of the population has an equal probability of being selected and (2) that the members selected in this manner will represent an unbiased reflection of the whole of the population

Question 14

Strata -

Answer 14

a sub-population within the population

Question 15

Stratified Random Sampling

Answer 15

a sample composed of a simple random sampling from each strata

Question 16

Cluster

Answer 16

a division of the population based on geography or some notion of physical closeness

Question 17

Cluster Sampling

Answer 17

a sampling method based on the selection of random clusters from the population

Question 18

Systematic Sampling

Answer 18

a sampling method based on taking a random sample from a population that is somehow order (e.g., the telephone book)

Question 19

Convenience Sampling

Answer 19

almost every other sampling method that doesn’t start with a population, with a sample frame, or have a random selection component