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Comps Study Guide > Stats & Research Methods > Flashcards

Stats & Research Methods Flashcards

1
Q

How many DV and IVs indicate using an Independent t-test? Do subjects do all treatments?

A

1 Dependent Variable
1 Independent Variable (2 levels)
No

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2
Q

True or False? Data must be normally distributed to use an independent t-test?

A

True

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3
Q

What test statistic is reported for independent t-tests?

A

t-statistic

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4
Q

How many DV and IVs indicate using a Dependent t-test? Do subjects do all treatments?

A

1 Dependent Variable
1 Independent Variable (2 levels)
Yes

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5
Q

True or False? Data must be normally distributed to use a dependent t-test?

A

True

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6
Q

What test statistic is reported for dependent t-tests?

A

t-statistic

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7
Q

How many DV and IVs indicate using a One-way ANOVA? Do subjects do all treatments?

A

1 Dependent Variable
1 Independent Variable (>2 levels)
No

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8
Q

True or False? Data must be normally distributed to use a One-way ANOVA?

A

True

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9
Q

What test statistic is reported for a One-way ANOVA

A

F value

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10
Q

How many DV and IVs indicate using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?

A

1 Dependent Variable
1 Independent Variable (>2 levels)
Yes

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11
Q

True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a one-way repeated measures ANOVA?

A

True

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12
Q

What test statistic is reported for a one-way repeated measures ANOVA?

A

F value

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13
Q

How many DV and IVs indicate using a two-way ANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?

A

1 Dependent Variable
2 Independent Variable (2+ levels)
No

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14
Q

True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a two-way ANOVA?

A

True

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15
Q

What test statistic is reported for a two-way ANOVA?

A

F value

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16
Q

How many DV and IVs indicate using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?

A

1 Dependent Variable
2 Independent Variable (2+ levels)
Yes

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17
Q

True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a two-way repeated measures ANOVA?

A

True

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18
Q

What test statistic is reported for a two-way repeated measures ANOVA?

A

F value

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19
Q

How many DV and IVs indicate using a k-way ANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?
(k=whole number greater than 2)

A

1 Dependent Variable
k Independent Variable (2+ levels)
No
(k=whole number greater than 2)

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20
Q

True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a k-way ANOVA?
(k=whole number greater than 2)

A

True

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21
Q

What test statistic is reported for a k-way ANOVA?

k=whole number greater than 2

A

F value

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22
Q

How many DV and IVs indicate using a k-way repeated measures ANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?
(k=whole number greater than 2)

A

1 Dependent Variable
k Independent Variable (2+ levels)
Yes
(k=whole number greater than 2)

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23
Q

True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a k-way repeated measures ANOVA?
(k=whole number greater than 2)

A

True

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24
Q

What test statistic is reported for a k-way repeated measures ANOVA?
(k=whole number greater than 2)

A

F value

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25
Q

How many DV and IVs indicate using a one-way MANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?

A

k Dependent Variable
1 Independent Variable (>2 levels)
No
(k=whole number greater than 2)

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26
Q

True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a one-way MANOVA?

A

True

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27
Q

What test statistic is reported for a one-way MANOVA?

A

Wilk’s Lambda

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28
Q

How many DV and IVs indicate using a one-way repeated measures MANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?

A

k Dependent Variable
1 Independent Variable (>2 levels)
Yes
(k=whole number greater than 2)

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29
Q

True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a one-way repeated measures MANOVA?

A

True

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30
Q

What test statistic is reported for a one-way repeated measures MANOVA?

A

Wilk’s Lambda

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31
Q

How many DV and IVs indicate using a two-way MANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?

A

k Dependent Variable
2 Independent Variable (2+ levels)
No
(k=whole number greater than 2)

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32
Q

True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a two-way MANOVA?

A

True

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33
Q

What test statistic is reported for a two-way MANOVA?

A

Wilk’s Lambda

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34
Q

How many DV and IVs indicate using a two-way repeated measures MANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?

A

k Dependent Variable
2 Independent Variable (2+ levels)
Yes

(k=whole number greater than 2)

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35
Q

True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a two-way repeated measures MANOVA?

A

True

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36
Q

What test statistic is reported for a two-way repeated measures MANOVA?

A

Wilk’s Lambda

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37
Q

How many DV and IVs indicate using a k-way MANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?

(k=whole number greater than 2)

A

k Dependent Variable
k Independent Variable (2+ levels)
No

(k=whole number greater than 2)

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38
Q

True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a k-way MANOVA?

(k=whole number greater than 2)

A

True

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39
Q

What test statistic is reported for a k-way MANOVA?

k=whole number greater than 2

A

Wilk’s Lambda

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40
Q

How many DV and IVs indicate using a k-way repeated measures MANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?

(k=whole number greater than 2)

A

k Dependent Variable
k Independent Variable (2+ levels)
Yes

(k=whole number greater than 2)

41
Q

True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a k-way repeated measures MANOVA?

(k=whole number greater than 2)

42
Q

What test statistic is reported for a k-way repeated measures MANOVA?

(k=whole number greater than 2)

A

Wilk’s Lambda

43
Q

How many DV and IVs indicate using a Mann-Whitney U? Do Subjects do all treatments?

A

1 Dependent Variable
1 Independent Variable (2 levels)
No

44
Q

True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a Mann-Whitney U?

A

False; Mann-Whitney U is a nonparametric test

45
Q

What test statistic is reported for a Mann-Whitney U?

46
Q

How many DV and IVs indicate using a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test? Do Subjects do all treatments?

A

1 Dependent Variable
1 Independent Variable (2 levels)
Yes

47
Q

True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test.

A

False; Wilcoxon is a nonparametric test

48
Q

What test statistic is reported for a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test?

49
Q

How many DV and IVs indicate using a Kruskal-Wallis test? Do Subjects do all treatments?

A

1 Dependent Variable
1 Independent Variable (>2 levels)
No

50
Q

True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a Kruskal-Wallis test?

A

False; Kruskal-Wallis is a nonparametric test

51
Q

What test statistic is reported for a Kruskal-Wallis test?

52
Q

How many DV and IVs indicate using a Friedman test? Do Subjects do all treatments?

A

1 Dependent Variable
k Independent Variable (2+ levels)
Yes

(k=whole number greater than 2)

53
Q

True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a Friedman test?

A

False; Friedman test is a nonparametric test

54
Q

What test statistic is reported for a Friedman test?

A

Chi squared

55
Q

What type of research design is used for descriptive research based on surveys

A

Mixed methods

56
Q

What type of research design is used for descriptive research based on behavioral observation

A

Mixed methods

57
Q

What type of research design is used for experimental research based on a quasi-experimental design?

A

Quantitative

58
Q

What type of research design is used for experimental research based on a true experimental design?

A

Quantitative

59
Q

What type of research design is used for correlation research?

A

Quantitative

60
Q

What type of research design is used for ethnographic research?

A

Qualitative

61
Q

What type of research design is used for phenomenological research?

A

Qualitative

62
Q

What type of research design is used for case study research?

A

Mixed methods

63
Q

What type of research design is used for narrative inquiry?

A

Qualitative

64
Q

What type of research design is used for action research?

A

Mixed methods

65
Q

What are research variables?

A

Specific aspects that are measured in other research studies based on the research question.

66
Q

What is an operational definition?

A

A statement of how the research variable will be measured in the context of the specific research study.

67
Q

What type of data are data that include a range of scores within an interval?

A

Continuous data

68
Q

What type of data are data that are mutually exclusive and place subjects into specified groups?

A

Categorical data

69
Q

What type of variable includes the grouping variable in the experimental research design?

A

Independent variable

70
Q

What type of research design focuses on comparing group differences in which the groups studied cannot be manipulated or randomly assigned?

A

Quasi-experimental design

71
Q

What type of research design focused on comparing group differences in which the groups studied are manipulated or randomly assigned?

A

True experimental design

72
Q

What type of variable includes the measured variable or outcome in the experimental research design?

A

Dependent variable

73
Q

What type of research design focuses on determining the relationship between two continuous variables or how much the predictor variable influences the criterion variable?

A

Correlation research design

74
Q

What type of variable is used to explain the criterion or outcome variable in correlation research designs; otherwise known as the X variable?

A

Predictor variable

75
Q

What type of variable is the variable that is being explained by the predictor variable in correlation research designs; otherwise known as the Y variable?

A

Criterion variable

76
Q

True or false? Validity measures whether a test is measuring what is intended to be measured.

77
Q

Reliability measures what?

A

The consistency of the test itself with respect to internal stability, stability over time, and stability of equivalency.

78
Q

True or false? Internal validity is the degree to which the research findings and conclusions are related to the research design and methodology?

79
Q

True or false? External validity is the generalizability of the research findings?

80
Q

What are the characteristics of Internal validity?

A

Good scientific control, extraneous variables have been controlled, results can be attributed to the research design.

81
Q

What are characteristics of External validity?

A

Ability to generalize back to larger population, applied research design, results can be applied to the field.

82
Q

What type of research design answers research questions using quantifiable research variables, variables that are measured and can be assigned a numeric value, the comparisons or relationships are made based on the quantity of the variable?

A

Quantitative research

83
Q

What type of research design focuses on understanding the current state of affairs in a specific setting?

A

Descriptive research

84
Q

True or false? Descriptive research is more exploratory in nature and typically does not determine the underlying causes of the variables being examined?

85
Q

What are the two most popular descriptive research designs used in health and human performance research?

A

Survey and behavioral observation

86
Q

True or false, ranking items are items in which the respondent needs to choose a category that best answers the question?

A

False; that would be categorical items

87
Q

True or false, categorical items are questions in which the respondent is provided a list of items and then asked to rank them in order of importance?

A

False; that would be ranking items

88
Q

What type of research design deals wit using direct observation of behaviors in a natural setting, rather than relying on self-report data?

A

Behavioral observation (AKA systematic observation and analysis)

89
Q

True or false, experimental research designs attempt to identify group differences of an outcome or dependent variable?

90
Q

True or false, quasi-experimental design focuses on comparing group differences in which the groups within the research cannot be manipulated or randomly assigned?

91
Q

True or false, you can identify a cause-effect relationship between the independent and dependent variables in quasi-experimental design?

A

False, you cannot identify a cause-effect relationship.

92
Q

True or false, quasi-experimental design focuses on comparing group differences in which the groups within the research are manipulated or randomly assigned?

A

False; that would be true experimental designs

93
Q

What type of research design attempts to determine whether the way in which the independent groups were manipulated had an effect on the dependent variable?

A

True experimental design.

94
Q

What are the two most common true experimental designs?

A

Posttest-only and pretest and posttest design

95
Q

True or false, in correlation research, both variables are continuous in nature?

A

True; predictor and criterion variables

96
Q

What type of research investigates the relationship between the X and Y variables or determine how much the X variable influences or relates to the Y variable?

A

Correlation research

97
Q

True or false, you cannot imply causation from correlation research?

98
Q

This research design has the following features: the relationship between two or more continuous research variables, variables are called predictor and criterion variables, sample size is a large N with a large range of scores; usually 25 per variable

A

Correlational research design

99
Q

This research design has the following features: the effects of or differences between means of the dependent variable for the independent groups, variables are referred to as independent and dependent, sample size - a smaller sample size can be used.

A

Experimental research design

Comps Study Guide (5 decks)

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