Stats rejects

Question 1

<p>What is the T test independent sample equivalent for ordinal data?</p>

Answer 1

<p>Mann Whitney or Kolmogorov-Smirnov</p>

Question 2

<p>What is the T test paired sample equivalent for ordinal data?</p>

Answer 2

<p>Wilcoxon sign rank test</p>

Question 3

<p>When is trend analysis used?</p>

Answer 3

<p>For non-linear outcome effects (often with IV is quantitative). It’s an extension of ANOVA</p>

Question 4

<p>When is point biserial correlation used?</p>

Answer 4

<p>One interval/ratio variable one dichotomous variable</p>

Question 5

<p>When is Phi correlation used?</p>

Answer 5

<p>2 dichotomous variables</p>

Question 6

<p>When is Eta correlation used?</p>

Answer 6

<p>Curvilinear relationship between X and Y</p>

Question 7

<p>When is a Part or Semi partial correlation used?</p>

Answer 7

<p>When you’ve removed a third variables effect on only one of the two variables.</p>

Question 8

<p>What’s the difference between stepwise and hierarchical regression?</p>

Answer 8

<p>Stepwise is computer generated/data driven in the order variables are added/removed. In hierarchical the researcher determines order based on theory</p>

Question 9

<p>Discriminant function analysis</p>

Answer 9

<p>Predict group membership (nominal DV) based on continuous variables.</p>

Question 10

<p>Loglinear analysis</p>

Answer 10

<p>Predict group membership based on multiple nominal predictors</p>

Question 11

<p>Whats the difference between Principal Components Analysis and Factor analysis?</p>

Answer 11

<p>In PCA, there is no hypothesis about the communalities ahead of times, it just produces a few uncorrelated factors empirically.</p>

Question 12

<p>What is cluster analysis?</p>

Answer 12

<p>Gathering data on several DVs and looking for naturally occurring subgroups without prior hypotheses.</p>

Question 13

Define reliability according to the true score model / classical test theory

Answer 13

Variability is comprised of true score variability and error variability. Reliability is the proportion of true score variability (out of 100%)

Question 14

What is the coefficient of equivalence and what are the sources of error?

Answer 14

Parallel forms reliability (equivalent but not identical versions given to the same group). Time and content sampling are sources of error.

Question 15

What is Internal consistency reliability and what are the sources of error?

Answer 15

Consistency of scores within a test (assessed with split-half or cronbach’s alpha). Error results from content sampling.

Question 16

Why can’t you use split-half reliability on speeded tests?

Answer 16

Items are meant to be easy, so all completed items should be correct (artificially high split-half reliability)

Question 17

Speeded tests vs Power tests

Answer 17

Speeded tests – easy items, how many can the person complete.

Question 18

When are Kuder-Richardson and Cronbach’s alpha used?

Answer 18

To measure internal consistency reliability.

Kuder-Richardson is for nominal data, Cronbach’s alpha is for ratio/interval data

Question 19

What are the sources of error for internal consistency tests? (Cronbach’s alpha, Kuder-Richardson)

Answer 19

Content Sampling, Test heterogeneity.

Question 20

What do Kappa and Yule’s Y measure?

Answer 20

Inter Rater reliability

Question 21

What are the two types of criterion-related validity

Answer 21

Concurrent (measured at close to the same time, eg within weeks)
Predictive validity (Delay between predictor and criterion)

Question 22

When a test has no ability to predict the criterion variable (no criterion-related validity), what is the maximum standard error of the estimate?

Answer 22

Equals the standard deviation of the criterion

Question 23

Selection ratio

Answer 23

The proportion of open positions to applicants. A low ratio means there are many more applicants than positions

Question 24

<p>Item Characteristic Curve</p>

Answer 24

<p>plot of the relationship between item performance and total score.</p>

Question 25

<p>Item response theory</p>

Answer 25

<p>A mathematical approach to determine how much a specific item correlates with the target of the test (latent trait).</p>

Question 26

Correction for attenuation

Answer 26

A formula stating how much higher validity would be if predictor and criterion were both perfectly reliable.

Question 27

Convergent validity

Answer 27

Correlation of scores with other available measures (should be moderate to high)

Question 28

Divergent/discriminant validity

Answer 28

Correlation of scores on a test with scores on a completely different trait. Should be low.