Stats Refresher

Question 1

Most commonly used measure of central tendency

Answer 1

Arithmetic mean

Question 2

Tool that could be used to describe the amount of variability in a distribution

Answer 2

Average deviation

Question 3

Numbers indicated of frequency also appear on the y-axis, and reference to some categorization appears on the x-axis

Answer 3

Bar graph

Question 4

Two scores that occur with the highest frequency

Answer 4

Bimodal distribution

Question 5

Joint probability distribution of two variables

Answer 5

Bivariate distribution

Question 6

Indication of how much variances is shared by the X - and the Y -variables.

Answer 6

Coefficient of determination

Question 7

Expression of the degree and direction of correspondence between two things

Answer 7

Correlation

Question 8

Refers to an “eyeball gauge” of how curve the graph is

Answer 8

Curvilinearity

Question 9

Set of test scores arranged for recording or study

Answer 9

Distribution

Question 10

Instrument used to measure strength of hand grip

Answer 10

Dynamometer

Question 11

In most meta-analytic studies, this is what typically expressed as correlation coefficient

Answer 11

Effect size

Question 12

Collective influence of all of the factors on a test score or measurement beyond those specifically measured by the test or measurement

Answer 12

Error

Question 13

Professional practice that is based on clinical and research findings

Answer 13

Evidence-based practice

Question 14

Number of times each score occurred

Answer 14

Frequency distribution

Question 15

Chart that contains a continuous line representing the frequencies of scores within a class interval

Answer 15

Frequency polygon

Question 16

Diagram or chart composed of lines, points, bars, or other symbols that describe and illustrate data

Answer 16

Graph

Question 17

Test-score intervals, also called class intervals, replace the actual test scores

Answer 17

Grouped frequency distribution

Question 18

Graph with vertical lines drawn at the true limits of each test score (or class interval), forming a series of contiguous rectangles.

Answer 18

Histogram

Question 19

Distance between the first quartile ‍ and the third quartile ‍

Answer 19

Interquartile range

Question 20

Contain equal intervals between numbers; each unit on the scale is exactly equal to any other unit on the scale; contain no absolute zero point.

Answer 20

Interval scales

Question 21

The term testing professionals use to refer to the steepness of a distribution in its center

Answer 21

Kurtosis

Question 22

Distributions that are generally described as relatively peaked

Answer 22

Leptokurtic

Question 23

Standard score that retains a direct numerical relationship to the original raw score.

Answer 23

Linear transformation

Question 24

Average value of set numbers

Answer 24

Mean

Question 25

Act of assigning numbers or symbols to characteristics of things (people, events, whatever) according to rules; rules used in assigning numbers are guidelines for representing the magnitude (or some other characteristic) of the object being measured.

Answer 25

Measurement

Question 26

Statistic that indicates the average or midmost score between the extreme scores in a distribution.

Answer 26

Measure of central tendency

Question 27

Statistics that describe the amount of variation in a distribution.

Answer 27

Measures of variability

Question 28

Middle score in a distribution, is another commonly used measure of central tendency.

Answer 28

Median

Question 29

Distributions are generally described as somewhere in the middle

Answer 29

Mesokurtic

Question 30

Family of techniques used to statistically combine information across studies to produce single estimates of the data under study.

Answer 30

Meta analysis

Question 31

Most frequently occurring score in a distribution of scores

Answer 31

Mode

Question 32

Simplest form of measurement; involve classification or categorization based on one or more distinguishing characteristics, where all things measured must be placed into mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories.

Answer 32

Nominal scale

Question 33

Involves "stretching" the skewed curve into the shape of a normal curve and creating a corresponding scale of standard scores

Answer 33

Normalizing a distribution/Normalized standard score scale

Question 34

Extremely atypical point located at a relatively long distance—an outlying distance—from the rest of the coordinate points in a scatterplot

Answer 34

Outlier

Question 35

Can be the statistical tool of choice when the relationship between the variables is linear and when the two variables being correlated are continuous

Answer 35

Pearson correlation coefficient/ Pearson r

Question 36

Permit classification, rank ordering on some characteristic is also permissible; imply nothing about how much greater one ranking is than another.

Answer 36

Ordinal scales

Question 37

Relatively few of the scores fall at the high end of the distribution.

Answer 37

Positive skew

Question 38

Distributions are generally described as relatively flat

Answer 38

Platykurtic

Question 39

Equal to the difference between the highest and the lowest scores.

Answer 39

Range

Question 40

Distribution of test scores (or any other data, for that matter) can be divided into four parts such that 25% of the test scores occur in each quarter.

Answer 40

Quartile scores

Question 41

Number that provides us with an index of the strength of the relationship between two things.

Answer 41

Correlation coefficient

Question 42

Has a true zero point; all mathematical operations can meaningfully be performed because there exist equal intervals between the numbers on the scale as well as a true or absolute zero point.

Answer 42

Ratio scale

Question 43

Straightforward, unmodified accounting of performance that is usually numerical.

Answer 43

Raw score

Question 44

Set of numbers (or other symbols) whose properties model empirical properties of the objects to which the numbers are assigned.

Answer 44

Scale

Question 45

Graphic representation of correlation

Answer 45

Scatterplots

Question 46

Nature and extent to which symmetry is absent.

Answer 46

Skewness

Question 47

Equal to the interquartile range divided by 2.; measurement of how spread out a set of data is; also known as the quartile deviation.

Answer 47

Semi-interquartile range

Question 48

Equal to the square root of the average squared deviations about the mean. More succinctly, it is equal to the square root of the variance.

Answer 48

Standard deviation

Question 49

Thiis coefficient of correlation is frequently used when the sample size is small (fewer than 30 pairs of measurements) and especially when both sets of measurements are in ordinal (or rank-order) form.

Answer 49

Spearman Rho

Question 50

Standard scores that take on whole values from 1 to 9, which represent a range of performance that is half of a standard deviation in width

Answer 50

Stanines

Question 51

Composed of a scale that ranges from 5 standard deviations below the mean to 5 standard deviations above the mean.

Answer 51

T scores

Question 52

Raw score that has been converted from one scale to another scale, where the latter scale has some arbitrarily set mean and standard deviation.

Answer 52

Standard score

Question 53

The area on the normal curve between 2 and 3 standard deviations above the mean

Answer 53

Tail

Question 54

Indication of how scores in a distribution are scattered or dispersed.

Answer 54

Variability

Question 55

Equal to the arithmetic mean of the squares of the differences between the scores in a distribution and their mean.

Answer 55

Variance

Question 56

Results from the conversion of a raw score into a number indicating how many standard deviation units the raw score is below or above the mean of the distribution.

Answer 56

z score

Question 57

All scores are listed alongside the number of times each score occurred.

Answer 57

Frequency distribution

Question 58

4 different levels or scales of measurement

Answer 58

Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio

Question 59

2 types of scale

Answer 59

Continuous scale Discrete scale

Question 60

2 types of FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS

Answer 60

Simple frequency distribution Grouped frequency distribution

Question 61

3 types of graphs in FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS

Answer 61

Bar graph Frequency polygon Histogram

Question 62

Type of distribution where the mode, median and mean are all in the middle of the distribution.

Answer 62

Symmetrical distributions

Question 63

Type of distribution where the mode remains the most commonly occurring value, the median remains the middle value in the distribution, but the mean is generally ‘pulled’ in the direction of the tails.

Answer 63

Skewed distributions

Question 64

Bell-shaped, smooth, mathematically defined curve that is highest at its center.

Answer 64

NORMAL CURVE

Question 65

3 types of standard score

Answer 65

Z Scores T Scores Stanine