Stats

Question 1

What is Validity?

Answer 1

The likelihood that results are accurate, affected by:

• Bias
• Confounders
• Chance

Question 2

What is a p-value?

Answer 2

The likelihood that results are due to chance
The likelihood of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis
Conventionally P=0.05, less than 5% chance that results are due to chance

Question 3

What is a confounder?

Answer 3

A factor different than the one studied which influences results

Question 4

What is bias?

Answer 4

A systematic error which influences the validity of results

Question 5

What is chance?

Answer 5

The likelihood of a random error occuring

Question 6

What is an Odds Ratio?

Answer 6

Used in Retrospective Studies. The Odds that an outcome is more likely in the intervention group compared to control group

Question 7

What is a Risk Ratio?

Answer 7

Used in Prospective Studies, the risk of an outcome in the intervention group compared to control group

Question 8

What is the Number Needed to Treat?

Answer 8

The number needed to treat for one person to benefit from the treatment

Question 9

What is Absolute Risk?

Answer 9

An individuals risk of developing a disease in a given time

Question 10

What is Relative Risk?

Answer 10

Compares risk in 2 different groups