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Edexcel A Level Maths > Statistics Year 1 Unit 1 > Flashcards

Statistics Year 1 Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define population

A

A complete set of data where every element is included

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2
Q

Define sample

A

A selection of the population

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3
Q

Define census, why is it rare?

A

Every element is surveyed, rare because it is expensive and labor-intensive

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4
Q

Define sampling units

A

These are the elements of data in a sample

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5
Q

Define sampling frame

A

A list of sampling units

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6
Q

Define random sampling methods

A

Every element of the population has an equal chance of being selected

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7
Q

What are the 3 random sampling methods?

A

Simple random sample, systematic sample and stratified sampling

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8
Q

Define simple random sample

A

using random numbers or ‘names out of a hat’

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9
Q

Define systematic sample

A

all elements numbered, the first element is chosen randomly then every nth element is chosen

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10
Q

Define stratified sampling

A

The proportion of groups in the population are represented in the survey

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11
Q

What is the danger of non-random sampling?

A

bias

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12
Q

Define opportunity sampling

A

Your sample is whoever turns up

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13
Q

Define quota sampling

A

Numbers are calculated for each group then when groups are filled, others are ignored

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14
Q

Define qualitative data with examples

A

Groups of data, non numerical, qualities like colours

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15
Q

Define quantitative data with examples

A

Numerical data, quantities like temperature

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16
Q

What two types of data can quantitative data be sectioned into?

A

Discrete and continuous

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17
Q

What is discrete data?

A

Whole numbers, can’t be decimals, like when you’re counting something

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18
Q

What is continuous data?

A

Data that can take any value, including decimals, for example, height, it can continue between each whole number of kilograms

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19
Q

What does n/a mean?

A

Not availioble, used when the data needed is not availible

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20
Q

If one cell of data has n/a in it, what should you do to the whole row?

A

Ignore it

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21
Q

What does tr mean?

A

Trace, there was some but not enough to provide a reading and more than 0

22
Q

If a cell of data has tr in it, what should you do to it? Why?

A

Change it to 0 so it can be included in means and other calculations

23
Q

How is daily mean temperture measured?

A

Values are noted in degrees (celcius) and tenths, values below 0 are preceded by a minus sign

24
Q

What is the daily mean temperature?

A

The average of the hourly air temperature readings during the period 0900-0900 GMT

25
Q

How is daily total rainfall measured?

A

millimetres (mm)

26
Q

What is daily total rainfall?

A

24 hour periods commencing at 0900 GMT on the day of entry and includes any solid precipitation, such as snow or hail, which is melted and measured in the same way as rainfall

27
Q

How is daily total sunshine measured?

A

In hours and tenths

28
Q

What is daily total sunshine?

A

The amount of bright sunshine recorded on the day of entry, measured by an instrument that measures the amount of solar radiation exceding a threshold

29
Q

How is daily maximum relative humidity measuered?

A

As a percentage

30
Q

What is daily maximum relative humidity?

A

A measure of how close the air is to being saturated with water vapour. Values greater than 95% are associtated with mist and fog

31
Q

How is wind speed measured?

A

Knots

32
Q

What is knots to mph?

A

1 knot = 1.15 mph

33
Q

How is the daily mean wind speed measured?

A

Averaged over the 24 hours from 0000GMT on the date given

34
Q

What is maximum gust speed?

A

The maximum instantaneous speed that occured during the 24 hours from 0000GMT on the date given

35
Q

How is the daily mean wind direction measured?

A

Averaged over the 24 hours from 0000GMT on the date given, averaged to the nearest 10 degrees

36
Q

How is daily maximum gust direction measured?

A

in degrees from true north

37
Q

What is daily maximum gust direction?

A

The direction from which the wind was blowing when the maximum gust during the hour commencing at the time of entry occured

38
Q

What is cloud cover?

A

The fraction of the celestial dome coverd by cloud

39
Q

How is cloud cover measured?

A

Measured in eigths (Oktas)

40
Q

What is visibility?

A

The greatest distance at which an object can be seen and recognized in daylight, or at night could be seen and recognized if the general illumination was raised to daylight level.

41
Q

How is visibility measured?

A

Measured horizontally, values noted in decametres (Dm), a dash indicates data not available

42
Q

How is pressure measured?

A

By the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa)

43
Q

Which station is the furthest north?

A

Leuchars

44
Q

Which station is the furthest south?

A

Perth

45
Q

Describe where Leuchars is

A

A coastal station far north in Scotland

46
Q

Describe where Leeming is

A

An inland station in Northern England

47
Q

Describe where Heathrow is

A

An inland station in Southern England

48
Q

Describe where Hurn is

A

A coastal station in Southern England

49
Q

Describe where Camborne is

A

A Coastal station in South West England

50
Q

Describe where Jacksonville is

A

An overseas Coastal station in South East USA

51
Q

Describe where Perth is

A

An overseas coastal station in South West Australia

52
Q

Describe where Beijing is

A

An overseas inland station in Eastern China

Edexcel A Level Maths (34 decks)

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