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Statistics Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Statistics in plural sense

A

Collection of data for a specific purpose

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2
Q

Statistics in singular sense

A

science or process of collecting, presenting and analyzing data

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3
Q

Statistics derivation
LATIN
FRENCH
GERMAN
ITALIAN

A

STATUS
STATISTIQUE
STATISTIK
STATISTA

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4
Q

Singular statistics also called

A

Science of Averages
Science of Counting

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5
Q

Records of stats

A

Ain-i-Akbari, Akbar, records agricultural data
Arthashastra Kautilya, Chandragupta, records births and deaths
First Census, Egypt, Pharoah

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6
Q

Primary and secondary data

A

first time collected - primary
already collected - secondary

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7
Q

Genral pov money is ______ variable
Commercial pov money is
___________ variable

A
  1. discrete
  2. continuous
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8
Q

attribute

A

qualitative charachteristic

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9
Q

natural calamity best collection of data method

A

personal interview

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10
Q

rail accident method

A

indirect interview- witnesses

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11
Q

telephone interview

A

reliability less, high coverage,

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12
Q

Questionnaire filled by enumerator used in

A

surveys and census

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13
Q

Sources of secondary data

A

International (WHO, IMF, World Bank)
Govt (SEBI, RBI, NSSO, CSO)
Quasi govt/private (NCERT)
Research Institute

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14
Q

Chronological
Geographical
Qualitative
Quantitative

also called

A

Temporal/Time series
Spatial
Ordinal
Cardinal

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15
Q

for diagram ____ is necessary

A

Table

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16
Q

Entire upper part of table

A

box head

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17
Q

Upper part comprising of column/sub column of table

A

Caption

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18
Q

Left part describing rows of table

A

Stub

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19
Q

main data of table

A

Body

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20
Q

bottom of table showing source of data

A

Footnote

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21
Q

In charts, x axis usually represents _____

A

time

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22
Q

if data fluctuates a lot then use

A

log chart or ratio chart

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23
Q

when two or more series with same units then which chart

A

multiple line chart

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24
Q

when two or more series with different units

what type of chart

A

multiple axis chart

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25
bar diagram meaning
rectangles of same width but varying length
26
for more comparability
multiple or grouped bar diagram made
27
for multiple components which bar diagram is used.
subdivided bar diagram
28
for relative comparison which bar diagram used
percentage bar diagram
29
bar diagram for data varying over space
horizontal
30
bar diagram for quantitative data
vertical
31
bar diagram for data varying over time
vertical
32
bar diagram for qualitative data
horizontal
33
pie chart formula
segment value/total value *360
34
stats deals with quantitative data qualitative data either both
quantitative
35
stats is concerned with quantitative data qualitative data either both
both
36
age is what type of variable
continuous
37
internal consistency checked when two or more _____ series are given
related
38
accuracy of data checked by
scrutiny
39
best method of presenting data
table not diagram
40
most attractive method of presentation
diagram
41
unit of measurement in table shown in
box head
42
hidden trend noticed by which presentation
diagram
43
most accurate method of presentation
table
44
chart which uses logarithm
log chart/ratio chart
45
divided bar chart used to compare diff components compare relation of diff components with table a or b both
both
46
simple/ungrouped frequency distribution when?
when there are limited number of distinct observations
47
Grouped frequency distribution when?
when large amount of observations
48
Class limit- upper and lower what is upper class limit in 10-19 20-29
19 and 29
49
exclusive series also called + show
also called overlapping e.g. 10-20 20-30
50
inclusive series also called + show
also called non overlapping e.g. 10-19 20-29
51
exclusive series useful for ________ variable
continuous
52
inclusive series is useful for __________ variable
discrete
53
make this into exclusive series 0-9 10-19 20-29
0-9.5 9.5-19.5 19.5-29.5
54
how to find class mark of class interval
class mark is mid point of class interval LCL+UCL/2 or LCB+UCB/2
55
class length formula LCB-UCB or LCL-UCL OR UCB-LCB or UCL-LCL
LCB-UCB
56
Frequency density formula
Class frequency / Class length
57
For any class interval sum of less than c.f. and more than c.f. is going to be
Total frequency
58
Relative frequency formula
Class frequency / Total frequency
59
value of relative frequency | range
between 0 to 1
60
Percentage frequency
class frequency / total frequency * 100
61
Histogram is useful for
representing frequency distribution
62
Which method is best to find the mode of data
histogram
63
Frequency polygon for?
for simple frequency distribution
64
ogives (cumulative frequency) used for
medians and quartiles
65
how are medians calc from diagram
ogive curve
66
how are quartiles calc from diagram
ogive curve
67
most used curve
bell shaped
68
descriptive stats | meaning
stats not used to make inferences
69
inferential stats | meaning
stats used to make inferences
70
simple classification
based on one attribute
71
manifold classification
based on more than one attributes
72
ideograph or pictogram
symbol that represents an idea/thing is ideograph
73
Nominal data Ordinal data examples
e.g. Red hair, brown hair, Black hair etc e.g. High, low, medium
74
Sturges Rule determines what
no. of bar in histogram
75
distribution of profits of a company is ________ variable
continuous because that's money from commercial pov
76
what is the limit of the lower class boundary?
lower class limit ( cuz LCB - 0.5 = LCL )
77
Comparison of data in 1. Histogram 2. Frequency Polygon 3. Ogives 4. only 1. and 2.
histogram
78
frequency curve is a limiting form of
histogram and frequency polygon
79

MATHS (4 decks)

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