Statistics Test 2 Flashcards
In the first lecture on sampling on September 23, it was noted that business statistics is divided into two parts: 1) descriptive statistics (includes variables, averages, variation, polygons, etc.) 2?
Inferential
Statistics are samples as ___________ are to population.
Parameters
The most important characteristic of a samples is ______________________.
to be representative of the universe
The management question asked in sampling is _______________________.
What is the parameters?
The statistical definition of sampling is ___________________________________.
Making inferences about parameters based on statistics.
To ensure representatives, random samples provide that all elements and combinations in universe have that same chance of being included in samples.
False
What does it mean to catalog a universe?
Numbering a specific list of names.
Since random number tables are random, the “finger” or “pencil” methods of selecting first elements works, but these methods are simply impractical.
True
In a certain company, employees are half democrats and half republicans. A political action committee was form of 12 persons. It contains 10 democrats. Speaking of proportionality, statisticians would say Democrats are _____________?
Over representative
Universes are composed of layers called_________________
strata
In using a random number table, elements are discarded for three reasons: they are duplicates, they are larger than the universe and they are _________.
Zeroes
With a universe of N=235, use a random number table to draw a sample of n=35. The sixth number is ________.
202
In a large internationals corporation, senior managers are 250 hispanics, 100 non hispanic white, 100 black, and 50 Asian america. When you design a proportional stratified sample of size n=150, how many Asian Americans will be in your sample?
15
In the above question, what sampling method will you use to select Asian Americans?
Random
Samples that allows every element in the universe the same chance of inclusion are?
C) Random
Which of these is not a probability sampling method?
A) Quota Sampling
Which sampling method relies on respondents to identify others to interview?
Snowballing method
Name the social science journal that specializes in articles about research, methodology, sampling, response rates, validity, and reliability.
The scholarly journal/literature
The formula for estimating Mu and Pi only be used with representative samples?
False
Non-probability sampling differs from probability sampling in that A) the probability is unknown that elements in the universe will be included in the sample and B) ______________________________
Catalog
Last summer, Acuna brothers construction company hired human resources consulting firm to draw a sample (n=100) of its employees (N=1775) and assessed their morale. The sample was drawn, employees interviewed, and a report of findings was written and submitted. A few months later, the CEO hired you as a consultant to determine the statistical merit of the study. How would determine whether the smoke that was drawn was representative?
You need to compare statistics with the parameters.
Which sampling method ordinarily involves the lowest cost?
D) Grab
For the next questions, assume you drew a systematic sample size of size n=6 from a universe of size N=30.
For the next questions, assume you drew a systematic sample size of size n=6 from a universe of size N=30.
What probability does every element in the unvierse
have of being included in the sample?
1/5 =.20
If the first number selected us 5, what number is selected second?
10
If the first number selected is 3, what number would be selected second?
8
What are the best single estimates of a population parameter?
C) point estimates
Since they are all probaility methods, random, systematic, and stratified sampling give every element in the universe the same chance of being selected.
False
The probability sampling method that forces samples to be representative of universes is called?
Stratified
The non-probability sampling method that forces samples to be representative of universes is called?
Quota
The most widely used method of sampling is ______?
Random
The main idea of stratified sampling over random sampling is that it __________________
C. Guarantees representation of all strata in the sample
If a sampling method gives every element in the universe the same and equal chance of being selected for the sample, it is generally agreed that resulting samples will be representative.
False
Sample of adequate sizes that are properly drawn using a random number table will be representative of that universe.
False
Which of these is a probability sampling method?
H. None is
The cheapest sampling method explained in class is _______________
grab
To managers who supervise and develop contracts for research studies, one feature of samples is more important that others. It is that samples must be __________
B. Representative
In a certain class, you are asked to read an article in scholarly business journal. In the methods section, the author wrote that they drew a random sample for analysis in the study. What is your reaction to this aim?
We don’t know for sure
Which of these is a probability sampling method?
H. None are
Suppose you are a member of a Committee to review proposals from six HR consulting firms to conduct a morale survey of employees. What one key questions would you ask of each presenter to dig deeply into the quality of their proposal?
Which type of sampling they are using?
In an article in the psychology journal, Psychological Reports, Dr. Weaver wrote that controversy surrounds most social science issues, such as black-white differences in job satisfaction. For instance, there is considerable published research evidence that blacks are more job satisfied. Yet, there are no differences. He wrote that two samplings shortfalls are responsible for most of this controversy. Please identify
Issue 1: Not representative of the universe
Issue 2: nonresponse error
