Statistics Exam 1 Vocabulary Flashcards
Something that varies in a study.
Variable
Two variables identified in a study.
Bivariate
Many variables identified in a study.
Multivariate
Type of statistics that describes a sample.
Descriptive Statistics
Technique for generalizing from a sample to a population
Inferential Statistics
When the researcher does not know who to survey.
Population Specification
A listing of the individuals or objects to be sampled.
Sample Frame
Technique that reasons from sample to the population.
Probability
Interest is focused on a finite, identifiable, unchanging collection of individuals or objects that make up a population.
Enumerative Study
A study that is not enumerative in nature and carried out with the objective of improving a future product. No sampling frame.
Analytic Study
Sampling strategy that entails separating the population units into nonoverlapping groups and takes a sample from each one.
Stratified Sampling
What is sample size denoted as?
n
What are individual observations denoted by?
x1, x2, … xn
A numerical value with a set of finite values or can be listed in an infinite sequence.
Discrete Value
A numerical value with possible values that consist of an entire interval on the number line.
Continuous Value
Number of times a value occurs in a data set.
Frequency
The fraction or proportion of times a value occurs.
Relative Frequency
A tabulation of the frequencies and / or relative frequencies.
Frequency Distribution
A histogram that rises to a single peak, then declines.
Unimodal Histogram
A histogram with two different peaks.
Bimodal Histogram
A histogram skewed to the right.
Positively Skewed Histogram
A histogram skewed to the left.
Negatively Skewed Histogram
Arithmetic average of a set of numbers.
Mean
The middle value in a sample.
Median
A single number that is the best guess.
Point Estimate
Divides data into 4 equal parts.
Quartiles
The difference between largest and smallest sample values.
Range
Set of all possible outcomes of an experiment.
Sample Space
Any collection (subset) of outcomes contained in the sample space.
Event
An event that consists of exactly one outcome.
Simple Event
An event that consists of more than one outcome.
Compound Event
An ordered subset.
Permutation
An unordered subset.
Combination
IF the first element or object of an ordered pair can be selected in n1 ways and for each of these ways the second element of the pair can be selected in n2 ways, then the number of pairs is n1n2.
The Product Rule for Ordered Pairs
The probability of A given that B has occurred.
Conditional Probability
